Evaluation Of An Integrated Lesson Plan - 901 Words

Through the lesson plans that we developed, I’ve learned how to implement art that is developmentally appropriate, meaningful, and challenging for students. The integration of art must be meaningful to the lesson but also challenging for the students. The integrated lesson plan must also consider a diverse classroom, allowing all students equal access to what is being taught. Most importantly, art experiences must help each child meet challenging and achievable learning goals. As teachers, we must observe and assess each individual student in order to design an integrated lesson plan that is appropriate, meaningful, and challenging. (GPO2) Evaluation of individual child s development and learning is essential for planning and implementing appropriate curriculum. Teachers must continually engaging in observational assessment for the purpose of improving teaching and learning. Designing integrated lessons lead to positive learning outcomes. By integrating art, music, dance, and movement in lessons it leads to a positive learning environment because it allows students to get out of their comfort zone. This can help boost children to be confident and accepting of themselves and each other. Another plus of integrating the arts into curriculum is that it can allow all students to learn in a way that may be more favorable to them. Studies have proven that students learn in multiple ways. These learning styles include; visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. By allowing the arts to beShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Physical Education For Individuals With Disabilities Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagesprogram, often called â€Å"child find†, requires parental permission before professionals can evaluate a student. After a formal evaluation of the student an Individual Education Plan (IEP) would be made. Parents must provide written consent to the plan before it is implemented. IDEA covers everything from autism to deaf and blindness to learning disabilities. In some cases, the plan made by IDEA involves transferring the student to a special education classroom. Special education by definition means â€Å"speciallyRead MoreQuiz on the CIPP Model of Evaluation755 Words   |  3 PagesCIPP MODEL OF EVALUATION Context, Input, Process, Product Overview of Model Useful model for evaluation of educational systems To be proactively viable, it must be used as a process for all stakeholders In general, requires that a series of questions be asked about four different elements of the model Model Concentration C I P P M ODE L Using CIPP to Evaluate Most could be used in combination: Class discussion, informal conversation Student interviews, evaluation forms ObservationRead MoreThe Cfo And Cio Are Required To Approve The Project Charter910 Words   |  4 PagesThe CFO and CIO are required to approve the project charter and project budget. Project manager is required to create the project plan and coordinate the project execution. Business analysts will create the scope management plan, requirements and business use cases. They are also involved in testing every component of the application as it gets developed including notifications and UI. Developers are required for UI and Process development. Business users will function as testers. Few of the developersRead MoreAnalysis : Mind Maps And Work Flow Diagrams985 Words   |  4 Pagesprerequisites for developing the element †¢ Specifies the deliverables resulting from the element †¢ Identifies the key stakeholders and responsibilities †¢ References the standards, procedures, checklists, and documents that pertain to the element †¢ References lessons learned / best practices that have a bearing on the element 2.5 Level 4- Standard and Procedures Description: †¢ Groupings of standards applicable to projects †¢ Standards and Manuals are statements of must do expectations. †¢ Procedures establishRead MoreThe Education For All Handicapped Children Act (Eha) Had957 Words   |  4 Pagesdisabilities and the significant court cases dealing with the fourteenth amendment such as Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia, The EHA was passed in 1975. There were high hopes for this act, including keeping disabled students integrated with their peers in a regular classroom setting, desegregating the disabled from the non-disabled, and ensuring all students were given equal access to the same education all other students were receiving. There were several flaws to this act, leadingRead MoreEssay Classroom Teacher Observation Report1186 Words   |  5 PagesA. Evaluation Form or Observation Protocol The evaluation form that was used to evaluate a classroom teacher’s performance is a rubric used by the school district (Hillsborough County Public Schools, 2012). A1. Performance Factors The teacher was rated using a rubric with specific criteria in four domains including planning and preparation, the classroom environment, instruction, and professional responsibilities (Hillsborough County Public Schools, 2012). Within each of these domains are componentsRead MoreMS project and Team leadership1022 Words   |  5 Pagescommunicating the budget situation of the project to the rest of the team. Two ways to improve an underperforming team member will be suggested. Finally a plan of action will be organized to get the project back on track. Construct a project charter to revamp the compensation and benefits package. Project Name: Integrated Financial and Benefits Disbursement System Agency: North American Human resource advisement Council (NAHRAC) Project Sponsor: Stephen  Castellese ProjectRead MoreAnalysis Of Vasquez s Theories And Factors Influencing The Principles Of The System Of Gears1269 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the third and fourth quarter. This school year the entirety of measurement standards are taught through integrated science activities. The concepts of mass, length, and temperature are explored exclusively in the context of investigations involving properties of matter and weather. However, curriculum does not support integration of math and science concepts. Proposed lesson plans promote silo approach while the daily classroom schedule excludes a dedicated time for science instruction. AdditionallyRead MoreWhat is Instructional Design?1124 Words   |  5 Pagesdesigning, developing, and delivering instructional materials. What is the Addie Model? The ADDIE Model is the instructional system development model which consists of five (5) phases which are the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (Dick, Carey Carey, 2009). The analysis phase has different parts that clarify instructional problems and objectives, identifies learning environment and the learners existing knowledge and skills. As part of the analysis phase the learnerRead MoreReport of Seasonal Goods1608 Words   |  7 PagesDefinitions of Document Types CAE: A Country Assistance Evaluation examines Bank performance in a particular country, usually over the past four to five years, and reports on its conformity with the relevant Bank Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) and on the overall effectiveness of the specific CAS. CAS: A Country Assistance Strategy Document is the central tool of World Bank Management and the Board of Executive Directors for reviewing and guiding the World Bank Groups country programs and

The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 1090 Words

During the mid-1800’s women were often treated horribly and prohibited to have a mind of their own. Charlotte Perkins Gilman the author of ‘The Yellow Wallpaper† does an exquisite job illustrating the mentality society during this time in the short story. Gillman’s notion often was that men and women did not have a different mindset. ‘’ The Yellow Wallpaper† is a tale about this women who is mentally unstable and cannot recover due to her husband’s disbelief. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Gilman uses feminist criticism through the dialogue, symbolism hidden in the text, and the protagonist transformation to help the readers understand the male and female dynamics of that time period. By studying the dialogue use in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† through a man’s perspective that men see women as children. Gilman statement in the story makes the analogy strong considering the time period. The protagonist or the woma n says, â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical--tendency--what is one to do (Gilman 111).? It is important to acknowledge the males perspective through the voice, seeing that the protagonist’s husband keeps disregarding her sickness. The women’s husband feels like his spouse is behaving in a theatrical way and thinks nothing is wrong. It is classic for men to want their wife’s believe in what they say and this is exactly whatShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was mos t likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ €  by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other

Leonardo Da Vinci free essay sample

Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452, in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno River in the territory of Florence. Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine notary was his father, and Catherina, a peasant who may have been a slave from the Middle East was his mother. Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense, da Vinci simply meaning of Vinci: his full birth name was Leonardo di Ser Piero da Vinci, meaning Leonardo, son of Ser Piero from Vinci. Little is known about Leonardos early life. He spent his first five years in the hamlet of Anchiano, and then lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle, Francesco, in the small town of Vinci. His father had married a sixteen-year-old girl named Albiera, who loved Leonardo but died young. One, which he regarded as an omen, was when a kite dropped from the sky and hovered over his cradle, its tail feathers brushing his face. We will write a custom essay sample on Leonardo Da Vinci or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second occurred while exploring in the mountains. He discovered a cave and was both terrified that some great monster might lurk there, and driven by curiosity to find out what was inside. Educational Background: In 1466, at the age of fourteen, Leonardo was apprenticed to the most successful artists of his day, Andrea di Cione, known as Verrocchio. Verrocchio educated Leonardo humanities. Other famous painters such as Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi were apprenticed with the workshop. Leonardo was exposed to technical and artistic skills. He had the opportunity to learn drafting, chemistry, leather working, mechanics, carpentry, drawing, painting, sculpting and modeling. Much of the painted production of Verrocchios workshop was done by his employees. According to Vasari, Leonardo work with Verrocchio on his Baptism of Christ, painting the young angel holding Jesus’ robe in a manner that was so far superior to his masters that Verrocchio put down his brush and never painted again. Leonardo himself was the model for two works by Verrocchio, which were the bronze statue of David in the Bargello and the Archangel Michael in Tobias and the Angel. By 1472, at the age of twenty, Leonardo qualified as a master in the Guild of St Luke, the guild of artists and octors of medicine, but even after his father set him up in his own workshop, his attachment to Verrocchio was such that he continued to work with him. Leonardos earliest work was done in pen and ink on August 5th, 1473; Arno valley. Training: Practically nothing is known about Leonardo’s boyhood, but Vasari informs us that Ser Piero, impressed with the remarkable character of his sonâ₠¬â„¢s genius, took some of his drawings to Andrea Del Verrocchio, an intimate friend, and begged him earnestly to express an opinion on them. Verrocchio was so astonished at the power they revealed that he advised Ser Piero to send Leonardo to study under him. Leonardo thus entered the studio of Andrea Del Verrocchio about 1469-1470. In the workshop of that great Florentine sculptor, goldsmith, and artist he met other craftsmen, metal workers, and youthful painters, among whom was Botticelli, at that moment of his development a jovial _habitue_ of the Poetical Supper Club, who had not yet given any premonitions of becoming the poet, mystic, and visionary of later times. There also Leonardo came into contact with that unoriginal painter Lorenzo di Credi, his junior by seven years. He also, no doubt, met Perugino, whom Michelangelo called â€Å"that blockhead in art. † The genius and versatility of the Vincian painter was, however, in no way dulled by intercourse with lesser artists than himself; on the contrary he vied with each in turn, and readily outstripped his fellow pupils. Influences: Da Vinci studied under Verrocchio, where Botticelli was also a student. His main influences were Masaccio, Donatello, Fra Filippo Lippi, Piero Della Francesca and Uccello. Younger artist who were in Florence while Da Vinci was there included Michelangelo, whom he despised, and Raphael. Leonardo was the son of a very rich and influential man (Yes, he was illegitimate, but he had a very extensive education and was surrounded by important people all his life). Da Vinci would study from the great people who came before you. Da Vinci the scientist observed nature and systematically recorded his observations. He studied every detail of the human body by dissecting corpses. In his study of animals da Vinci focused on the mystery of flight. His copious notes covered a vast range of topics from the sun, moon, and stars, to fossils and flying. His works provided a base for scientists to work from for centuries. During the Renaissance, math and science went hand in hand, thanks to the Greeks. da Vinci, along with other artists of the day, used geometry to produce a new style of painting, a style that allowed the observe to see the scene as in real life. This developed into the concept of perspective, which used light and depth perception to depict a 3D scene on a 2D surface. Because he typified the idea of the Renaissance. The term Renaissance Man refers to one who was capable of excelling at a wide variety of activities. Leonardo was an accomplished scientist, architect, engineer, painter, designer, physiologist, etc. Truly he was not simply a man of the Renaissance; he was the prototype of the Renaissance Man. Personality issues Subject matter: idk Life story: 452: Leonardo is born close to the town of Vinci in the countryside near Florence 1466-1469: Leonardo moves to Florence and becomes an apprentice in the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio 1472: Leonardo paints one of the angels in Verrocchio’s painting ‘The baptism of Christ’. He also finishes his apprenticeship, becoming a master artist and a member of Florence’s Guild of Saint Luke 1481: Leonardo leaves Florence for Milan, where he finds work at the court of Duke Ludovico Sforza 1490: Leonardo works on the Sforza horse and draws the Vitruvian Man, among other things. Salai joins the studio as an apprentice. 1497: Work on ‘The last supper’ in under way. 1498: Ludovico Sforza gives Leonardo a vineyard in Milan, but there is not much time for him to enjoys it, as in the fall of 1499, French troops invade the city and Leonardo leaves 1500-1505: Leonardo works in Florence again, along with his great rival, the artist and sculptor Michelangelo 1503: Leonardo begins work on his most famous painting the ‘Mona Lisa’. In 1506-1513, he is back in Milan-the city is now ruled by French 1513: Leonardo moves to Rome, where he lives and works at the Vatican court(the pope’s headquarters). 516: Leonardo moves to France to work for the king, Francis I. Salai is one of his companions. In 1519, Leonardo dies, at the age of 67, in Amboise, France. Level of success: Today, there are records of only few Da Vinci paintings, and 20 notebooks. Thankfully, these works have been preserved over the hundreds of years since Leonardos time, and while his works are scattered in different areas of the globe, everyone can enjoy Da Vinci through the numerous books detailing his life, or through any of the many Da Vinci posters that have been printed. A well-known master in the history of art, Leonard Da Vinci is renown by people all over the map, and those of us who cannot travel to view the true works that the genius created can at least bring home a piece of him when we buy Da Vinci posters or prints. His most famous paintings are among the most influential works ever created. Legacy, Impact: Leonardos greatness lies in the diversity of his knowledge. His depth of understanding across a broad range of disciplines sets him aside from his contemporaries. Even by todays standards it would be difficult to find an individual who embraced Anatomy, Biology, Engineering, Architecture, and Science in addition to being one of the greatest painters of all time. The tragedy is that much of his scientific work was not published in his lifetime, and was only re-discovered many years after his death at a time when science had already embraced many of his ideas. There is little doubt that had his work been publicised in the Renaissance era it would have advanced the knowledge of the time. His left handed mirror-writing also caused problems. It created a code that needed breaking before his unpunctuated manuscripts could be understood. Also many of his scientific papers have been lost or damaged and are dispersed throughout the world. As an artist it is universally agreed that Leonardos marriage of art and science was significant for the advancement of painting techniques. He was famous for being a great painter long before his scientific work was acknowledged and appreciated. So the basis of his genius lies in his artistic achievements. The contradiction is that he designed weapons of war and, at the same time, marveled at the beauty of nature that these devices could ultimately destroy. Some historical characters stride like giants through the pages of history, think of Newton, Einstein, and Aristotle, Leonardo is certainly cast in the same mold. If art is about an emotional response then Leonardo da Vinci delivers at the highest level. I have been privileged to see a number of Leonardos paintings in the flesh; at the Louvre in Paris and also at the National Gallery in London. On 21st February 2009 I traveled to Manchester to view 10 of his drawings from the Royal Windsor collection. Needless to say these small works oozed quality. In a society were fame is fleeting and celebrity is often acquired very cheaply, it is refreshing that an artist, who died 500 years ago, can cause a queue to form, waiting in line to view his work. Famous works: Mona Lisa, the last supper, St. John the Baptist, and The Baptism of Christ are the most famous paintings of Leonardo Da Vinci. Especially Mona Lisa. Annunciation, Ginevra de’ Benci, Benois Madonna, Madonna of the Carnation, St. Jerome in the Wilderness, Adoration of the Magi, Virgin of the rocks, Lady with an Ermine, Madonna Litta, Portrait of a Musician, La belle ferronniere, the virgin and child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist, Madonna of the yarn winder, The virgin and child with St. Anne, and Bacchus are less famous paintings of Da Vinci. Leonardo Da Vinci not only painted great paintings, but he have invented many of the transportation/vehicles and other things we use in today’s life. For flight, there are glider, helicopter, and parachute, for military; there are automobile car, machine gun, scaling gun, and tank. Viola organista and double hull are the most famous between people. Viola organista is an experimental musical instrument Da Vinci invented. It was the first bowed keyboard instrument ever to be devised and Double hull is a ship hull design and construction method where the bottom and sides of the ship have two layers of watertight hull surface. And the space between the two hulls is sometimes used for storage of fuel or ballast water. Old age Court records of 1476 show that Leonardo and three other young men were charged with sodomy, and acquitted. From that date until 1478 there is no record of his work or even of his whereabouts, although it is assumed that Leonardo had his own workshop in Florence between 1476 and 1481. From September 1513 to 1516, Leonardo spent much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican in Rome, where Raphael and Michelangelo were both active at the time. In October 1515, Francois I of France recaptured Milan. On 19th December, Leonardo was present at the meeting of Francois I and Pope Leo X, which took place in Bologna. It was for Francois that Leonardo was commissioned to make a mechanical lion which could walk forward, then open its chest to reveal a cluster of lilies. In 1516, he entered Francois service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Luce near the kings residence at the royal Chateau Amboise. It was here that he spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend and apprentice, Count Francesco Melzi, supported by a pension totaling 10,000 scudi. Leonardo died at Clos Luce, France, on May 2, 1519. Francois I had become a close friend. Vasari records that the King held Leonardos head in his arms as he died, although this story, beloved by the French and portrayed in romantic paintings by Ingres, Menageot and other French artists, may be legend rather than fact. Vasari also tells us that in his last days, Leonardo sent for a priest to make his confession and to receive the Holy Sacrament. In accordance to his will, sixty beggars followed his casket. He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise. Melzi was the principal heir and executor, receiving as well as money, Leonardos paintings, tools, library and personal effects. Leonardo also remembered his other long-time pupil and companion, Salai and his servant Battista di Vilussis, who each received half of Leonardos vineyards, his brothers who received land, and his serving woman who received a black cloak of good stuff with a fur edge. Some twenty years after Leonardos death, Francois was reported by the goldsmith and sculptor Benevento Cellini as saying: There had never been another man born in the world who knew as much as Leonardo, not so much about painting, sculpture and architecture, as that he was a very great philosopher. A painter, a sculptor, an architect and an engineer, Leonardo Da Vincis numerous skills have earned him the title of renaissance master. Da Vincis fascination with science and his in-depth study of human anatomy aided him in mastering the realist art form. While Leonardos counterparts were known to create static figures in their works, Leonardo always tried to incorporate movement and expression into his own paintings. All the personages in his works are painted with great accuracy and detail that it is sometimes said that Da Vinci painted from the bones outward. Having lived until the age of 67, Leonardo experienced a very long career that was filled with times during which the painter was celebrated, but at times he was also humiliated and cast away. His life experiences all influenced his works and often, his paintings never left the sketchpad, or were only partially completed, as Leonardo often abandoned his commissions in order to flee from social situations. Leonardo was home schooled, his father taught him only simple things. Leonardo used math in some of his artwork. He used the Golden ratio in his paintings, Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, His Self Portrait and Madonna of the Rocks. He studied mathematics, geometry and polymath. Leonardo Da Vinci lived and took math lessons from Luca Pacioli. Luca Pacioli was making a book, and Leonardo Da Vinci was illustrating for him. Many other scientists ignored Leonardo Da Vinci because he did not know Latin or algebra. Leonardo studied, hydraulics, pyrotechnics, science, acoustics, optics, medicine, biology, anatomy, natural history, zoology, cartography, philosophy and botany. Leonardo Da Vinci was so fascinated by human anatomy, that he would sneak into hospitals at night, and dissect human bodies. He only studied anatomy for 20 years, and then moved on. Leonardo Da Vinci free essay sample The theories about Mona Lisa run from the most theoretical and nonscientific to the most scholarly and technical. The measurements of the portrait are thirty inches by twenty inches. The painting is in a humidified concrete box, protected by a triple bulletproof glass in the museum of Louvre in Paris. It is estimated that over six million tourists a year see her in Louvre. It would surprise many people to know that the Mona Lisa was once regarded as nothing special (Clark, 1999, up 210-220). As mentioned before many theories on the identity of the woman in the painting and why Leonardo painted her vary.Some researchers go as far as to claim that the living model never existed, but that Leonardo painted an deal woman or his self-portrait in the body of a woman. However, the majority of the art historians agree that the Vicars story is one of the most credible and the exact account of the Mona Aliass identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Leonardo Da Vinci or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Vassar, the portrait shows Lisa Grenadine, the wife of a Florentine silk merchant called Francesco del Giaconda. That surname accounts for the paintings Italian title, La Giaconda, which by coincidence also means smiling woman. The picture is thought to have been commissioned by Aliass husband around 1503. Leonardo did not finish it, and he took it to France tit him when he was invited to join the court of King l. After Leonardo death, the picture belonged to the royal art collection. Somehow for a period of time, it was hanging in king Francis bathroom at Fontainebleau by the turn of the 1 7th century, and it does not seem to have been particularly treasured. Exposure to the steam seems to be responsible for the cracks in the portrait and for disconsolation of the blue color in the sky area.After the French Revolution, Napoleon hanged her in his bedroom. In 1797, when the Royal Palace of the Louvre had been turned into a citizens museum he Mona Lisa was finally included in the core collection. But it was not until the technetium that it began to attract major attention (Clark, 1 999, up 210-220). Leonardo was in his fifties when he began the Mona Lisa. He worked on it for four years, but not exclusively. He painted her on poplar wood. This was the wood of choice of the artists at the time. Also, it is suggested that Mona Lisa sat for only the head of the portrait; the body and hands were drawn using other models. It was more likely that what Leonardo was trying to achieve what was his view of the most beautiful, irresistible and alluring Oman that he could conceive. He was successful in his attempt and he must have known that. This may have been one of the reasons why he refused to not separate himself with the painting keeping it with him for thirteen years until his death. The portrait features Lisa with soft gentle hands. Her position of the hands resting over the upper abdominal part of the body suggests that she was pregnant at the time. Another factor to suggest this is that her hands are a little bit swollen.Her dress is painted in dark colors and its plain and Leonardo gave the dress she is wearing a look of fine cloth. She is married, UT Leonardo decided not to show her wedding ring. Also her loose hair would have been seen as loose morals at the time when she was painted ( Clark 1999, up 210-230). The style of Mona Lisa painting was very different from other portraits made until that time. First, she Was painted sitting down and not as a bust or drawn in profile like Italian painters did. Second, the portrait was larger and included more of the posers body. Also, Dad Vinci paints a relaxed and three quarter pose of the figure.This new posing angle consist of a body and face not following in the same direction. This kind of innovation was revolutionary t the time. Traditionally, renaissance portrait paintings up to that time consisted mainly of dull profile faces. This invention of Dad Vines was such an achievement at the time that it influenced the development of a completely new way of portrait drawing which was followed by many artists. One of the most intriguing features of Mona Lisa is her smile. This smile was done by a combination by Dad Vines optical effects and his style of suffuse.Suffuse usually translated as dark smoke, is painting technique using thin layers of color that are superimposed and intermixed in order to create effects of perspective, depth and volume. This is considered a Leonardo invention and was one of his most used and successful styles of painting. (Adams 2001 310). The other part of the special effects is that the smile is sight- lobed. This means that if the half left side of the face is covered it seems that she appears to be serious, while if the half right side of the face is covered than it seem like she is smiling. Also her eyes are not in the same rhythm with her smiling mouth.For example, if her mouth is covered and we see only her eyes, than it does not appear that she is smiling. These are Leonardo optical effects. Of course, Leonardo did not do anything by mistake and this must have been intentional, but the reason why still remains unknown (Philippic 1 999, up 519-520). What inspired the Mona Aliass smile and that Of Dad Vines other women was a source of fascination for Freud. Providing an in-depth psychological study of the artist in his study Leonardo dad Vinci and a Memory of His Childhood, Freud analyses Dad Vines early life in order to understand the enigmatic smiling style of Mona Lisa.Freud explains the Mona Lisa smile in the light of Leonardo mother-child relationship. Freud attributes the smile o a combination of the child living on in the adult, and to the artists taking the childs memory forward to a creation in a work of art (Gay 1 989, p. 220). Freud believes that Leonardo found something in the smile that captivated him. He wrote; The conclusion seems hardly to be avoided that he found this smile in his model and fell so strongly under its spell that from then on the bestowed it on the free creations of his fantasy (Gay 1 989, p. 460).Freud asserts the Giaconda-like smile is repeated on the faces of SST. Anne and Mary, who are looking down on the Christ-child playing with a lamb in a happy cane. Freud supports his arguments with the fact that Dad Vinci began his artistic career by portraying two different objects, children and laughing women. Thus, it can be hypothesized that from the beginning dad Vinci was searching for something. His ability to achieve the Mona Lisa smile was a rediscovery of that something he thought was lost at the age of five when he Went to live with this father- his mother (Gay 1989, up. 70-480). If it is true, this finding must have been a revelation of incredible magnitude for Dad Vinci and it would explain why it took him a long time to complete it and why he ever sold the painting. The other factor that adds up to the paintings mystery is its strange landscape. The landscape includes a bridge that crosses a dry riverbed and a winding road that passes into reddish brown rocks. Just above this are two lakes and a range of jagged mountains whose points go from olive green to light blue and blend with the bright light in the horizon.The right half side of the landscape is inconsistent with the left side . The scene lacks any plant or animals and is probably a composite from Leonardo mind rather than a specific location. Leonardo seems to have anted to create something, much like God created the world. This landscape is typical of Leonardo . He repeats this type of landscaping in other paintings such as Virgin of the Rocks and the Madonna (Smith 1 999, p 230). Mona siss landscape, even though it has the bridge and road, makes the observer aware of the creation of the rivers and mountains before man touched them.The mystery of the origin of man and his world seems to be underlying in the painting, bringing the lady and the landscape together. The background of rivers and peaks adds a life of its own to the painting. Leonardo was one of he first painters to use this landscape technique as a background for a portrait (Smith 1999, p 230). This combination of Dad Vines artistic genius and innovations distinguished the Mona Lisa style of painting from others. However, La Giaconda may not have always looked the way it looks today.According to the French art expert Pascal Cote, La Giaconda had eyebrows and the dull sky behind Mona Lisa was actually a brighter blue. Cote was granted special access to the painting in 2009 by Louvre, in which using a special camera, he was able to see past the top paint surface and examine the layers below. Cote said Dad Vinci built up the painting in layers, the last being a special glaze. He found that the underlying layers of the face are painted using lead white and mercury vermilion. Leonardo had then painted details such as the eyebrows on top of the glaze. That could explain why the eyebrows have disappeared. They have faded because of chemical reactions or they have been cleaned off, Cote told the British, Telegraph newspaper. The other finding that Cote made was that a finger on her left hand had been moved by Dad Vinci to create a more relaxed feeling. He said that for Leonardo he Mona Lisa was more than a painting, it was a challenge to reproduce real life ( http://www. Telegraph. Co. UK). The Mona Lisa may be the simplest painting that Leonardo ever painted, but it is clearly his most effective. In the end, a person sees her in a personal way with the explanations due only to himself. During the centuries, many questions and theories have been raised about the Mona Lisa painting. Question such as; is she smiling or not? Who is she smiling with? Why is she smiling? I think that these theories and questions have risen because Mona Lisa has such a larger than life petition, So people sometimes forget that she Was a real woman, which her image was caught in a wonderful work of art, and maybe that was all that Leonardo indented to give us, just a simple and wonderful work of art for us to enjoy.

Trey Songs free essay sample

The Petersburg, Valhalla celebrity didnt always have a musical career In mind. As a child, there were no voice or piano lessons. In fact, all through high school, Trey was doing what most kids his age were doing: playing basketball, throwing parties, and getting dragged to church by his grandmother, who sang in a gospel choir . L wasnt even paying attention to RB at the time, says Trey. l was listening to straight rap, like Biggie, Jay-Z, and Nas. . Although Trey Songs loved hip-hop while growing up, the only RB he could get into was R. Kelly.When his friends heard his perfect tenor voice, however, they pushed him to drop rap and start crooning. Songs did Just that, and after winning numerous talent shows in his native Petersburg, VA, the 1 5-year-old singer met Troy Taylor, who had worked behind the scenes with such artists as Patti Label, SAVE, and ASK. We will write a custom essay sample on Trey Songs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Taylor encouraged Trey to finish high school first, and then they could talk about a possible music career. Trey received his diploma and Immediately moved to New Jersey to work with Taylor. Soon, the singer was appearing on Kevin Layettes debut album and Trick Daddys ThugMatrimony as a sideman, as well as striking out on his own with About the Game, a solo cut from the Coach Carter soundtrack. As he was working on his debut album not to mention several collaborations with Ill Kim, Train, and Snoop Dog Trey Songs released some street-level mistakes under his alias, the Prince of Virginia. His proper debut, I Goat Make It, was released by Atlantic Records in 2005, and the sophomore effort, Trey Day, charted at number 11 upon its release in 2007. In 2009 the single l Need a Girl announced the coming of his third album, Ready. David Jiffies, All music guide.

In the Art Institute of Chicago

In the Art Institute of Chicago, there is a painting that stands out in my mind. It is the painting La Grande Jette by George Seuret. The painting features Parisians enjoying a Sunday by the Seine, a river near Neuilly. Many of the Parisians that are pictured are very well to do. Proven by the various activities and dress shown in this painting. As I look at this painting I view this painting I see ladies wearing nipped in corseted waists and bustles. Some of the activities to be viewed are boating and fishing. Other then well to do impictured in this piece there is a mixture of the social classes. Take for example the oarsman who seems to sit harmoniously with the middle to upper class lady and dandy next to him. Impicutred as well are prostitutes, who use the sport of fishing to hide their main reason for being there, which is to catch the soldiers who are standing on the bank as well. Off to the bottom right of this picture is a monkey attached to a leash. The leash h!eld by a l ady, who is part of the upper class stature. Kept as pets, Capuchio monkeys were all the rage in the day of Seuret. Although some skeptics say Seuret uses the monkey to licentiousness, and maybe even a coded message of hypocrisy that was a feature of French society in the 1880s. Seuret explored and used geometric landscapes in this piece. Many of the figures in La Grande Jatte are pictured in profile. This maybe a glimpse as to the influence of Ancient Egyptian Art, which during this period in time Seuret was studying. Having made many sketches from the Ancient Egyptian reliefs on his many visits to the Louve in Paris. La Grande Jatte was painted from 1884 all the way up till 1886. This two year masterpiece of Seurets is an Oil on Canvas, and is 81x 120(205x304cm). It is currently displayed in The Art Institute of Chicago. It is hard for some to believe that a man not quite thirty coul...

The Theme of A Beautiful Mind essays

The Theme of A Beautiful Mind essays A Beautiful Mind is a fictional movie loosely based on true events of A Biography of John Forbes Nash Jr. by Sylvia Nasar, directed by Ron Howard. Russell Crowe plays John Nash, a mathematical genius, who develops schizophrenia in his early twenties. He overcomes schizophrenia and attains a true sense of accomplishment, and even a sense of greatness. In this movie, the theme of discrimination against mental illnesses becomes lucid. This is developed greatly by the main character and the theme also adds suspense to the film. Mental illness still remains misunderstood in all places, even though it affects so many people. Watching this film, it helps people sympathize with a person who is suffering from mental illness in any form. Showing how the Princeton community accepted Dr. Nash for many years while fighting his struggles reinforced one of the film fs themes that schizophrenics are people who can contribute to society and that we should not be prejudiced. The theme in this movie is transparent, and is mainly developed by the character, John Nash. He develops the ability to live with and ignore his psychosis. Eventually, Nash begins to teach at the Princeton University and is honored by his fellow professors for his lifetime achievement. Nash goes on to be awarded Nobel Prize for Economics for his revolutionary work on game theory. Suspense is also added to the film because you constantly feel tense, since neither the main character nor the audience knows what is real and what is fantasy. This illustrates how real, how concrete, and how completely supportable the delusions of a schizophrenic mind appear to the person afflicted. You are forced to see Nash fs point of view, so you are able to experience and understand what being schizophrenic might be like. In the very end of the film, John Nash gives an acceptance speech of the Noble Prize. This speech summarizes and straightforwardly tells you the movie ...

Data Analysis and Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Data Analysis and Research - Essay Example 1978).  Several software have been developed (Hahn,G.J. and Meeker, W.Q. 1991), to help analyze data this include Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Stata, R, Minitab, SAS and many more. Data analysis in mixed methods research consists of analyzing the qualitative data using qualitative methods and the quantitative data using quantitative methods; therefore, knowing the steps in both forms of analysis is necessary in mixed research methods (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007). For both forms of analysis, researchers go through the following similar set of steps: preparing the data for analysis, exploring the data, analyzing the data, representing the analysis, and validating the data. These procedures in quantitative research and qualitative research are different from each other as stated by Creswell and Plano Clark, (2007). In this project, to prove or rather to disapprove the hypothesis in an effort to answer the set of questions SPSS has been used to analyze the given se t of data. The answers to the questions are thus given in the preceding paragraphs; Question A Hypothesis to be tested; a) H0: There is no significant difference in the salary earned by male and female employees b) H1: There is significant difference in the salary earned by male and female employees Since we have two groups (male and female) to compare their means and whose sample is less than 30 (a sample of 25 in this case), T-Test would be an appropriate test to use. T-Test is appropriate to be used to conduct the test since it assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. From table 1 below, it can clearly be observed that the mean earning for the male employees is higher than that of the female employees. On average the male employees earn ? 24005 while the female employees earn 20319. Table 1: Report How much did you earn (?) last year Gender Mean N Std. Deviation Male 24005 13 3931.393 Female 20319 12 2370.797 Total 22236 25 3719.652 Th e difference can further be shown in the boxplot below; To answer part A of the questions i.e. whether there is any evidence that male and female employees differ in their salaries an independent samples test had to be conducted. From table 2 (Independent Samples Test), it can be observed that the p-value=0.010 (that is when the equal variances are assumed) which is less than the significance level (5%), we thus reject the null hypothesis and conclude that indeed there is a significant difference in the salaries earned by the male employees and the female employees. The male employees earn more than the female employees. Similar decision rule is made when unequal variances is assumed (p-value=0.10). Table 2: Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper How much did you earn (?) last year Equal variances assumed 2.710 .113 2.808E0 23 .010 3.686E3 1.313E3 970.142 6.401E3 Equal variances not assumed 2.863E0 1.994E1 .010 3.686E3 1.287E3 999.698 6.371E3 Question B Hypothesis to be tested; H0: There is no significant difference in the likelihood of raising a safety issue with the company’

Democracy and Commodification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Democracy and Commodification - Essay Example In the context of commodification, services that would be normally under the control of the state came under the control of the private sector, a fact that leads to the increase of cost involved (Giddens and Griffiths 367). Thus, the access to these services becomes more difficult and even, impossible, for a high majority of the population. From this point of view, commodification leads to the limitation of democracy, a political system that is based on equality and fairness in terms of law (Giddens and Griffiths 367). The potential limitation of democracy through commodification can be made understood by referring primarily to the cases of welfare regimes that are based on commodification and those that are not commodified. These cases would show how modern political systems could be related to commodification. Then examples could be provided for showing the relationship between democracy and commodification in practice. Giddens and Griffiths (2006) explain how political systems can be related to commodification: a) the social democratic regime promotes the provision of welfare services for all citizens with no exception, at a universal level (Giddens and Griffiths 367). Scandinavian states, that have this type of regime, are examples of states supporting the non-commodified political system; b) in ‘conservative/ corporatist states, such as France and Germany’ (Giddens and Griffiths 367), welfare services are non-commodified but they are not fully independent from the capital. Indeed, in the above states, the potential of each citizen to access the welfare services is differentiated according to his social status (Giddens and Griffiths 367); c) there is also the case of the liberal states, like United States, where ‘welfare services are fully commodified’ (Giddens and Griffith 367). It should be noted that the use of specific practices, in regard to the management of an economy, does not, necessarily, indicate the commodification of t he local political system (Williams 157). In democracy also, a similar issue would exist. At this point the potential influence of commodification on democracy should be explained using relevant examples. In all states where democratic regimes exist media is commonly used for the promotion of specific political messages. Reference can be made, as an example, to the use of media for supporting a particular legislative text or for persuading the public that a specific political decision, for example the establishment of an area of entertainment, is fully justified in terms of public interest. In regard to this issue, emphasis should be given to the following fact: in most states, media is used for influencing public opinion

McCain Foods Essay Example for Free

McCain Foods Essay 1. Which four Ps make up the marketing mix? Answer: †¢ Product †¢ Price †¢ Place †¢ Promotion †¢ Product this has to look and taste good and be made from wholesome ingredients. †¢ Price the price has to be attractive to ensure enough sales to generate a profit. †¢ Place the place and position of the product in the market is important to compete for market share. †¢ Promotion this has to fit the company’s objectives for the product. 2. Explain the different product categories in the Boston Matrix. Why is this a useful tool for businesses? Answer: The Boston Matrix identifies four types in a company’s product portfolio: †¢ Stars. These products have a high market share in markets that are growing quickly. For example, the Playstation was a star when it was first introduced into the games market. †¢ Question Marks. These products have a low market share in a growing market. Costs are more than returns as the company tries to increase market share. An example of a Question Mark could be a newly launched fashion item or a new car model. †¢ Cash Cows. These products have high market share in established markets, for example, cornflakes in the breakfast cereals market. †¢ Dogs. These products have low market share in a low growth market. A company may look to get rid of these products or invest in marketing to improve sales. For example, DVD recorders have replaced video recorders 3. Analyse how McCain Foods’ promotional strategies tie in with its message ‘It’s All Good’. Answer: Promotion A further demonstration of the ‘It’s All Good’ ethos is McCain Foods’ ethical stance on promotion. McCain makes a Commitment not to advertise to children under 12 years old. It also ensures that the retail labeling on its products carries clear information on levels of fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar to help shoppers choose healthier options. Its labeling is in line with the Food Standards Agency (FSA) traffic light scheme and the food industry’s Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA). McCain also takes part in different types of sponsorship, such as: †¢ TV show Family Fortunes. This brings the McCain brand to a wide audience through a popular family programme. †¢ McCain Athletics Networks which encourage young people to get involved in the sport through local clubs. This further supports the company’s approach to balancing calories in with calories out. 4. Consider other promotional strategies McCain could use and say whether they are above- or below-the-line. Answer: Above-the-line promotion is paid for and includes traditional advertising routes such as television, radio and the press. These are good for carrying marketing messages to a large audience. However,it is less easy to measure the impact of these channels, for example, whether a TV advert has increased sales. Special displays or positioning in stores or advertising on supermarket trolleys are also examples of McCain’s above-the-line promotional activity. Below-the-line promotion can take many forms and is usually more under the control of the business. Typical examples include events or direct mail. McCain uses a combination of below-theline activities including: †¢ door-to-door leaflet drops or books of vouchers which give customers discounts over a period of time. These help to attract consumers and establish brand loyalty so the consumer buys the product again. †¢ email newsletter for consumers. This creates a relationship with consumers, which is unusual for a B2B organisation. It not only allows McCain to communicate directly with and listen to consumers, it also enables the business to collect information, for example, about their lifestyles and product choices. This is used for feedback, research and promotions.

Argumentative Essay: Gun Control Violates The Second Amendment of the Constitution :: Second Amendment The Right To Bear Arms

The U.S. should not have gun control laws. The Second Amendment to the Constitution states that, â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.† This amendment has been around since 1791, and there has been gun control almost as long as it's been around. The National Rifle Association is an advocate of the Second Amendment and an opponent of those who propose restrictions on guns. Even Presidents Reagan and Bush are members, and Nixon, Eisenhower, and Kennedy were also members. Why do people feel the need to own a handgun? One reason is heritage. For as long as this country has been around, there have been gun owners, to defend themselves and to hunt for food. Buying, owning, or carrying a handgun doesn't hurt anyone. Until a person commits a crime, he/she is free to choose what he/she wants to do. Even if guns were completely banned from the U.S.A., people would still find a way to get them. Criminals would get guns. They would have their way, and there would be nothing we could do about it. We would have no way to defend ourselves. What is gun control to you? To me, it is the unconstitutional regulation and banning of guns to try to keep the crime rates in this country down. Does it work? Some gun laws are okay and they may work to some extent, but not to the extent that was intended. As for most of these gun laws such as the Brady Law, it serves no purpose. It is only there to make our lawmaking bodies and those of us who are too naive to see the truth feel better. Do you really think that the Brady Law keeps handguns out of the hands of criminals?

Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essay

â€Å"Discuss the concept of collaborative working within your professional area† To be able to understand the rationale, the different factors influencing the outcome of collaborative working and how this can be applied to Perioperative practice, it is important to have a sound understanding of the concept â€Å"Collaborative Working.† This concept has many terminological variations, one of the more frequently used is â€Å"Inter-professional working.† Hornby and Atkins (2000) state that collaborative working is â€Å"a relationship between two or more people, groups or organisations, working together to define and achieve a common purpose.† Barrett et al (2005) declares that inter-professional working is â€Å"the process whereby members of different professions and/or agencies work together to provide integrated health and/or social care for the benefit of service users.† Disregarding what is seen as the correct/incorrect terminology, the common denominator here is that all health care staff/ agencies’ are working together to provide the best healthcare possible for patients and service users. There have been many debates about the variation in terminology, Leathard (1994:5) refers to it as â€Å"terminological quagmire† that has been created due to rapid developments in practice, and in her analysis of terms, Leathard (1994:6) prefers to use the term multi-professional as it â€Å"infers a wider group of professionals.† In this instance the term â€Å"Collaborative working† will be used. Over the years there have been many drivers behind the rationale for collaborative working dating as far back as the 1960’s in the USA, where Henderson (1966) reports that â€Å"one hospital has weekly inter-professional ward conferences.† The idea of collaborative working is therefore not a relatively new concept. In recent years increased emphasis has been placed on collaborative working and the need to work together due to changes in technology, accountability and government reports. Technological advances such as telecommunication is now used by surg ical staff to live feed surgical procedures to other parts of the world. This has aided remote-area surgeons in their own practices (Shields & Werder 2002) Similarly, the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS) direct advice line has created a way in which doctors can consult patients over the telephone. However a study by the Economic and Social Research Council (2005) concluded that â€Å"telemedicine is disappearing† compared to NHS direct advice line. The introduction to new machinery which takes blood pressures automatically rather than manually, this and other technological advances have all required healthcare staff to change the ways in which they work collaboratively. On the other hand, Government reports also change the way in which healthcare professionals work as they are often mandatory measures. The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (KSF) was introduced in 1999 under the Agenda for Change. Day (2006) claims that the use of KSF will â€Å"enable team leaders to identify gaps in the knowledge and skills of their inter-professional teams.† KSF is an essential requirement carried out every year to ensure pay progressions. Collaborative working is also brought about by accountability. All healthcare professionals are governed by a professional body such as the Health Professions Council (HPC) in which it is their duty to ensure compliance with the legislation on the use of protected titles (HPC, 2008) Not only are registrants accountable to the HPC they are also accountable to statutory and criminal law which means healthcare professionals must interact with patients and staff on an acceptable level at the risk of being prosecuted for their actions. Another driver for collaborative working is seen through the ever scrutinizing media. A recent news report by Hughes (2011) titled â€Å"Emergency surgery patients’ lives at risk, say surgeons† is one of the many examples of negative media that is putting more pressure on healthcare professionals to work more collaboratively. On the other hand, many of the publi c viewers do not see the bias in the majority of these news reports and many examples of good collaboration is missed. Resulting from the rationale behind why people work together it is important to understand the ways in which people do work together. Safe Surgery Saves Lives was an initiative that arose in 2006 by the World Health Organization and in 2008 a Surgical Safety Checklist was released globally. Research proved that â€Å"postoperative complication rates fell by 36% on average† and the checklist has also â€Å"improved communication among the surgical teams.† (Haynes, B.A et al, 2009, Pg: 496) Many trusts also have a theatre list policy and this ensures that staff are working collaboratively to ensure the lists are correct, accurate and the most important procedures have been prioritised. The idea differentiates among the trusts, but is most commonly referred to as a â€Å"Group hug.† This is carried out each morning before any surgical procedures commence and it is a chance for staff to collaborate and share any ideas or concerns over that day’s list. A big part of collaborative work, especially in peri-operative care, is about recognising each other’s skills and importance thus the idea of â€Å"inter-professional learning.† Kenward & Kenward (2011, pg; 35-39) outlines the importance of mentors, stating that â€Å"mentors should act as role models for students of all professions.† Further promoting this the General Medical Council (2006) document on Good Medical Practice propounds that doctors also act as role models to try and â€Å"inspire and motivate others.† It is evident that there are many ways in which healthcare staff work together, however major issues are still identified around the factors that influence the outcomes of collaborative working. Miscommunication has been identified as a reoccurring problem. Certain behavioral patterns among peri-operative staff which included ignoring requests they did not understand, failing to seek clarification, failing to speak loudly enough to be heard an d communicating information to the wrong person. (Gardezi et al 2009, pg: 1390-1399) This can be fatal especially in the case of Elaine Bromiley who had undergone a routine sinus surgical procedure. Due to a breakdown in communication between surgeons, Elaine unfortunately died. A video titled â€Å"Just a routine operation,† (LaerdalMedical, 2011) released after the death of Elaine Bromiley, identifies the breakdown in communication between the surgeons and the theatre nurses who had actually witnessed the surgeon’s distress and suggested an alternative method to intubating the patient which was ignored. This concept has been previously recognised as â€Å"professional separatism.† D’Amour et al (2005) argued that because professional groups are educated separately they are then socialised into â€Å"discipline-specific thinking.† Research concluded that 69% of respondents to a questionnaire they set out reported disagreement between surgeons and nurses. And that 53.4% reported experiencing aggressive behavior from consultant surgeons (Coe and Gould, 2008, Pg: 609-618) Thus meaning the outcomes of collaboration will suffer if all professionals do not interact and recognize the importance of other professionals’ skills. It is evident that collaboration and inter-professional working largely exists but with the constant changes in peri-operative practice as mentioned previously and the way healthcare is constantly observed, especially by the media, it is evident that collaborative working is a continuous development or a lifelong learning process. As technology changes and government policies are continually released it is inevitable that the ways in which healthcare professionals work together will also change and develop. References Barret, G, Sellman, D and Thomas. J (2005) Inter-professional working in Health and Social Care: Professional Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Coe, R and Gould, D (2008) ‘Disagreement and aggression in the operating theatre.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 61, Issue: 6, Pg: 609-618. Day, J (2006) Inter-professional working: An essential guide for health-and social-care professionals. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. D’Amour, D, Ferrada-Videla, M, San Martin Rodrigues, L and Beaulieu, M (2005) ‘The conceptual basis for inter-professional Collaboration: Core concepts and theoretical frameworks.’ Journal of Inter-professional Care. Supplement: 1, Pg: 116-131. Economic and Social Research Council (2005) Telemedicine revolution is ‘disappearing’ from the NHS. [Online] Available at: www.esrc.societytoday.ac.uk. (Accessed: 8 October 2011) Gardezi, F, Lingard, L, Espin, S, Whyte, S, Orser, B and Baker, G.R (2009) ‘Silence, po wer and communication in the operating room.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 65, Issue: 7, Pg: 1390-1399. General Medical Council (2006) ‘Good Medical Practice guidelines: working in teams.’ [Online] Available at: http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/good_medical_practice/working_with_colleagues_working_in_teams.asp (Accessed: 9 October 2011) Haynes, B.A, Weiser, G.T, Berry, R.W, Lipsitz, Sc.D et al (2009) ‘A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population.’ The New England Journal of Medicine. Volume: 360, Issue: 5, Pg: 496. Health Professions Council (2008-09) Continuing professional development annual report. [Online] Available at: http://www.hpc-uk.org/publications/reports/ (Accessed: 8 October 2011) Henderson, V (1966) The nature of Nursing: A definition and its implications for practice, research and education. New York. Macmillan. Hornby, S and Atkins, J (2000) Collaborative Care: Inter-professional, interagency and interpersonal. Oxford: Blackwell. Hughes, D (2011) ‘Emergency Surgery patients’ lives at risk, say surgeons.’ BBC news. [Online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-15098114 (Accessed: 8 October 2011) Kenward, L and Kenward, L (2011) ‘Promoting Inter-professional Care in the Perioperative environment.’ Nursing Standard. Volume: 25, Issue: 41, Pg: 35-39. Proquest [Online] Available at: http://proquest.umi.com/ (Accessed: 9 October 2011) Laerdal Medical (2011) ‘Just a Routine Operation’ [Online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzlvgtPlof4 (Accessed: 9 October 2011) Leathard, A (1994) Going Inter-professional: Working Together for Health and Welfare. London: Routledge. Shields, L and Werder, H (2002 ) Perioperative Nursing. Cambridge University Press.

Service Learning Reflection

I chose to go to my home town to work with Kid's Klub for my service learning project. Kid's Klub is a ministry of Wesley United Methodist Church offering quality before and after school care and summer camp programs for children ages five to fourteen. The reason I chose to go to my home town for this project is because I regularly participate in this program when I am home for breaks. While I am there I assist the children in any area in which they may need extra help, as well as helping with preparations that need to be made for activities and field trips. This project relates to the passage of Matthew 25:31-40. This passage talks about children in reference to helping each other out when one is in need and doing the right thing. Another passage that I would like to mention is Proverbs 22:6. This states that a child should be raised in the way he should go, and even when he is old he will not depart from it. Kid's Klub is a program that offers care to children before and after school. Being that it acts similarly to a daycare it gives children the opportunity to work on homework or projects they might need to finish, or just to have time to interact with other children and enjoy games and activities. In addition, they are taught scripture in fun ways that they will enjoy. Being able to do such activities in this environment gives the children numerous opportunities to help one another. It is also great that the children are able to associate with different age groups; they are always able to teach each other new things and be able to ask advice from someone that they might feel more comfortable talking to since they are closer to their own age. While I was there, I acted as a teacher, or mentor, as well as a friend. It was my job to assist them with their homework, projects and to clarify what they were going over in bible classes. I also helped prepare dinner for them and played games with them until their parents were able to pick them up. I was also there to mediate and help the kids make the right decision when there were conflicts or arguments. By doing so, they are learning how they should deal with situations and what is the right or wrong way to handle them. It is really amazing to see this first hand when I see the kids oluntarily helping one another with assignments and resolving issues on their own in ways that benefit everyone involved positively. I chose to mention Proverbs 22:6 because it acts as a precursor to the main passage of relation to this service. This passage states that a child should be raised in the way that he should go, and even when he is old he will not depart from it. I think it is important to include when dealing with children because it is a top priority to teach them. Children must be taught right and wrong in the first place before they will be able to employ those tactics in their lives. It is important that they know what it means to help one another and how much it could mean for one in need as well as the one providing the service. This is why it is important that children receive help when they are in need. The probability that one might help another is much greater when they have been shown the same sort of assistance when they were in need. Once they are shown this, it will stick with them through their lives and they will always know what is right and wrong no matter what. It is not as simple to teach what is right and wrong in this day and age, which is another reason why it is so important. Because of today's society, it has become a standard to disregard morals that we should learn as children and keep with us through our lives. â€Å"In today’s tumultuous society, morality often gets brushed aside as just another part of the fairy tale, and those learning moments of our youth become just another ‘happily ever after' tale that seems unbelievable by today’s standards† (Lebeau). I think it is equally important to teach values so that children are sure to be able to employ them in their lives by helping others. The main passage that I chose is Matthew 25:31-41. This passage talks about treating one another right. Ultimately how we treat one another will determine whether we are saved. It's purpose is to decide whether or not one will be permitted to the eternal kingdom or will be consigned to eternal punishment (NIV, 25:41). The King will separate the children according to whether or not they have helped others when they were in need. This, in turn, makes the obvious point that we need to be taught and to teach others hat is right or wrong and that we need to help each other, regardless of who we are; we do not discriminate. This is shown in one of the verses as follows: â€Å"The King will reply, ‘I tell you the truth, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me'† (25:40). When we do good to others, we are doing good to god. Even though we do not have to opportunity to show this directly, it is seen and is important. Both of these passages are of equal importance when addressing what is right and helping others. Children are the future of humanity, therefore it is essential that this is stressed during the early years of their lives. These situations are presented everyday in life, young and old, and it remains important through all of our years. That is why I enjoyed working with the kids and the fact that I was an influence on them. There is nothing I love more than helping children understand why we are to do what is expected. This was certainly a beneficial experience for me as well as the children and we can all take valuable information and learn from our time together.

Free Essays on St. Augustines Belifs

St Augustine had similar beliefs as Plato. For example â€Å"In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God: the same was the beginning with God; all things were made by Him and without him was made nothing that was made; in Him was life and the life was the light of men, and the light shines in darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it.†(p.116/IX) What he is saying here is expressed in a metamorphic way. The light is God and, the truth, all his teachings and everything that he had created. It projected itself on the darkness which is the humans, everyday people. Augustine states that â€Å"one must believe in order to understand.† He states that god must give one faith. This gift from God which is grace, determines if one believes or not. To understand one must have faith in God. When they have faith in God they will then be able to open their minds and begin to understand his teachings. â€Å"Again I found in them that the word, G od was born not of flesh nor blood, nor of the evil of man nor of the will of the flesh, but of God, but I did not find that the word became flesh.†(p116/IX) What he is saying here was that the word came not from these places but from God himself and it will not become flesh until it is loved and believed. Until we believe we will not understand. Once we believe an understanding will begin to bloom. He says we should hid these teachings from the wise and share them with the young. Meek and humble of hearts shall absorb his teachings and learn to forgive sins and love one another and find peace. While those who wear high boots shall not learn his ways and will remain ignorant to his teachings and carry a foolish heart. We must have faith in order to understand God and reach a state of grace. There are some things in the world that we might think as evil. They might be stormy winds, tornadoes, or flash floods. We see them as evil because they do not fit in with our ways of l... Free Essays on St. Augustine's Belifs Free Essays on St. Augustine's Belifs St Augustine had similar beliefs as Plato. For example â€Å"In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God: the same was the beginning with God; all things were made by Him and without him was made nothing that was made; in Him was life and the life was the light of men, and the light shines in darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it.†(p.116/IX) What he is saying here is expressed in a metamorphic way. The light is God and, the truth, all his teachings and everything that he had created. It projected itself on the darkness which is the humans, everyday people. Augustine states that â€Å"one must believe in order to understand.† He states that god must give one faith. This gift from God which is grace, determines if one believes or not. To understand one must have faith in God. When they have faith in God they will then be able to open their minds and begin to understand his teachings. â€Å"Again I found in them that the word, G od was born not of flesh nor blood, nor of the evil of man nor of the will of the flesh, but of God, but I did not find that the word became flesh.†(p116/IX) What he is saying here was that the word came not from these places but from God himself and it will not become flesh until it is loved and believed. Until we believe we will not understand. Once we believe an understanding will begin to bloom. He says we should hid these teachings from the wise and share them with the young. Meek and humble of hearts shall absorb his teachings and learn to forgive sins and love one another and find peace. While those who wear high boots shall not learn his ways and will remain ignorant to his teachings and carry a foolish heart. We must have faith in order to understand God and reach a state of grace. There are some things in the world that we might think as evil. They might be stormy winds, tornadoes, or flash floods. We see them as evil because they do not fit in with our ways of l...

Causes of the Revolt (1857) Essay Example

Causes of the Revolt (1857) Essay Example Causes of the Revolt (1857) Essay Causes of the Revolt (1857) Essay CAUSES OF THE REVOLT The Religious Cause 1. Almost from the beginning of the British rule, the Christian missionaries tried to preach Christianity among the people. 2. They established schools at many places, through preaching and education began to draw the Indian towards to Christianity as best as they could. 3. Those Hindus who embraced Christianity was not allowed to inherit their paternal property. 4. The enemies of the English spread rumors that in order to destroy religion of the Hindus the British mixed the powder of the animal bones in the salt. . It was also circulated that the flesh of pigs and cows was thrown into wells. The religious sentiments of Muslims and Hindus were greatly hurt by such stories. POLITICAL CAUSES 1. Lord Dalhousie caused widespread resentment among the Indian rulers and their subjects by aggressively expanding his state and annexing native Indian states 2. He annexed states of satara nagpur and jhansi by applying the doctrine of lapse 3. NANA SAHEB w as denied a pension after his fathers death. He was the son of Peshwa Baji rao II 4. Bahadur Shahs successor was denied the right to live at the red fort 5. He annexed Awadh, accusing the government of maladministration and shocking the nawab who was a faithful ally and the people of India 6. The British did not obey the treaties sometimes and they were broken according to the need of the British and the nawabs at that time could not trust any treaty at all. ECONOMIC CAUSES The policy of economic exploitation by the British and widespread destruction of the traditional economic structure caused widespread resentment among Indian society. . The zamindari(land lord) system was introduced by the British and the peasants were exploited by them. They were often tortured or jailed when the peasants failed to pay the taxes 2. The landlords also were insecured and jagirs(lands) were confiscated when the taxes did not match the assigned goals. 3. The interests of India were not the first priority of the government. They came in India for economic profit, which was the main pr iority. The traditional industries collapsed under the pressure of industrialized fields. No measures were taken to improve the conditions of the peasants and the artisans. 4. The annexation of Indian states was followed by large scale unemployment and economic distress as a large number of court officials and other lost their means of earning. All the poets, artisans etc working under these rulers lost their jobs. SOCIAL CAUSES 1. Social reforms by the Britishers were hated by the Indians who took it as a mark of British interference in the political affairs of India. 2. The efforts of missionaries t convert people to Christianity also angered the Indians. . The introduction of western education undermined the position of the traditional teachers and teaching methods in India. 4. The introduction of railways, telegraphs and posts, though good for he society, gave birth to doubts and fear among the poorer and illiterate section of the society. 5. The British judicial system introduced the principal of equality which undermined the presence of caste system in India. 6. The British looked down upon Indians and followed a policy of racial discrimination and separated themselves as superiors from the Indian society. Lord Wellesley described Indians as vulgar, ignorant, rude, familiar and stupid. Military causes 1. The Sepoys had helped the British to establish their empire in India but were not awarded or promoted at all. On the contrary, they were treated with contempt. 2. There was a discrimination between the Indian and the British soldiers. 3. An Indian soldier got much less salary as compared to a Western soldier. 4. The senior British officers did not pay any respect to the Indian soldiers at all. 5. The act passed in 1856 that made it compulsory for all troops to serve overseas hurted the feelings of the soldiers as hindus believed that overseas travel would lead to a loss of caste. 6. After Awadhs annexation, the army was disbanded and a lot of soldiers lost their livelihood which led to general anger against the British 7. The Indian soldiers were much more in number as compared to the British soldiers. In 1856 the number of Indian troops was up to 5 times as compared to the British troops. This also encouraged the Sepoys to rise against the British.

American old film class Gone with the Wind and Red River Essay

American old film class Gone with the Wind and Red River - Essay Example But when we go through the actual history, we could realize that the slave trade was a peak cause for the out burst of the civil war, and also we could understand the slave trade and the treatment of slaves, the minimal or zero freedom given to them even to make decision in their daily activities etc. This aspect seems to be missing in this film, though the term ‘darkies† has been referred to the black slave characters who appear in the screen, is one of the influences of the history and the sentiments of the civil war. The photography of the Old South, the plantations of the Tara, where the heroine wants to take refugee with her family, is all resemblances of the Civil War period. But then the cinematic effect could be identified as aloof from reality. The character of Mammy, one of the happiest of black slaves is found out to be an exceptional slave, as she seems to be a very happy person, utilizing the full freedom in her household. This aspect, as mentioned above deviates from the historical notion or the Civil War notion of how a salve was treated during that time. Freedom was a constraint for the slaves during the Civil war time. Coming to the Red River, the cattle herding, which was found out to be the most profitable income for the cowboys and which also gave a good recognition for the cowboys during the time when Chisholm Trial was opened. This event was also taken place during the time of Civil War. On the whole both the movies were centered on the years 1850-1870. The location, Texas, where the film was shoot is yet another point for the success of this movie. But coming to the point of cattle herds that were driven through the trial, is becomes quiet doubtful whether the cattle herds shown in the movie driven by Dunstan really bring out an accurate picture or effect of the original historical incident. Because it has been recorded in many history books that there were thousands and

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Accounting - Essay Example It also caters to a wide variety of financial services like short and long term financing, credit cards, working capital, etc. UPS was founded in 1907 and has its origin in Atlanta, Georgia (United Parcel Services, Inc. (UPS) n.d.). Companies, big or small need to analyze how their business is faring. With big organizations like FedEx Express and UPS, whose operations are from continent to continent, the need to inform its creditors and stockholders how their respective financial operations are faring is essential to attract more solid investments in order to maintain overhead costs, increase yearly profits and gain the public trust for a better flow of business. To identify and project a company’s financial condition, financial ratio analysis is often used to evaluate the financial stability of a certain entity. Financial ration analysis falls into the following categories (Credit Research Foundation, 1999): By taking a look at the above sample computations for FedEx Express and UPS, the ratios indicate that both companies are adequately liquid and could cover up for any financial loss without losing their creditors’ investments. Using financial ratios to directly compare the financial standing of companies using a different accounting method or flow different accounting practices is not feasible. However, there is no world wide standard for calculating the data But if investment is to be made, a good investor would not only look at the financial statements and calculate ratios. Other factors must be taken into consideration like how long has the company been around, the stock value of the company and the coverage of its operations. Given the history of FedEx and UPS it could be seen that United Parcels Services, Inc. has been around longer being founded in 1907 while FedEx was found in 1971. However, investors also look at the fluctuation of stock prices of the company shares. The stock

Produce a reflective report on your skills as a researcher Essay

Produce a reflective report on your skills as a researcher - Essay Example 42). Hence, the business environment today is more than ever in the need for astute researchers who could churn out new ideas and solutions governing the production, supply and marketing of services and goods. In that context I believe that though I am in the possession of some of the salient research skill, still there are areas where I need to work on to graduate to being a researcher with the apt skills and integrity. Before delving on my research skills, I do intend to profess my ardent belief that in the coming times, the managers who have the greater capacity and skills to engage in research and who have the capacity to come out with required information associated with business problems, do stand to have a better chance to secure a beneficial and meaningful career (Dugarm 2009, p. 17). I believe that in the contemporary information age, the ranks of the middle level managers will positively shrink in the institutions and organizations in the favour of those professionals who h appen to be good researchers (Abram 2012, p. 30). In the light of this conviction I intend to work hard on my research skills. When it comes to the purpose backing any research endeavour, I believe that it is primarily about the advancement of knowledge (Bell 2005, p. 100). So it is my belief that as a research scholar I believe in using research procedures and logic to come out with answers and conclusions in a most organized and methodical manner. Certainly, one can facilitate answers through trial and error; however such an approach eventually turns out to be erroneous and costly (Daymon & Holloway 2002, p. 128). In that sense I think I do have the capacity to put together the different concepts and to logically and methodically interpret them in the light of the new findings, in a manner that is very organized and effective. In any research initiative, it is imperative to place the ongoing research in the context of the situations and circumstances governing it. Since, I am a st udent of business, I feel comfortable to say that courtesy my academic background, and I have developed a fair idea as to the paradigms governing the research in the field of business. I believe that research in business is mostly applied in the sense that it aims to solve the practical problems (Rugman & Brewer 2007). Besides, business research is bound by cost constraints, as it is conducted for profit aims (Rugman & Brewer 2007). Also, business research is bound by deadlines as it is conducted to solve problems in real time (Rugman & Brewer 2007). Above all, business research is most of the times subject to an environment in which the situations, circumstances and preferences change very fast (Rugman & Brewer 2007). So, I intend to evaluate and gain on my research skills in the light of the above mentioned characteristics of business research. As a research scholar I have spent considerable time honing my secondary research skills. To put it in a few words, secondary research is primarily about seeking solutions in already existent publications (Rugg & Petre 2007, p. 32). I give so much relevance and importance to secondary research because it not only helps the duplication of ideas and efforts, but also helps mould the salient research questions in a manner that supports further primary research (Rugg & Petre 2007). Hence, to me secondary and primary research is the two sides of

Stalins manipulation of the central organs of the Communist Party Essay Example for Free

Stalins manipulation of the central organs of the Communist Party Essay Stalins manipulation of the central organs of the Communist Party was they key reason for his rise to power by 1929. How far do you agree with this statement? Use the sources and your own knowledge to answer the question. The rise of Stalin to his position of extreme power is a result of a number of factors varying from Stalins personal characteristics and political skills to the situation of Russia in the years 1924.29. The argument that Stalin came to power as a result of his control of the central organs is strong. However, it is vital that the other factors are not dismissed as they all play an importance in Stalins rise to power. Source A strongly supports the argument that it was his control of the party that resulted in his rise to power by explaining how Stalin had total control over the party and was able to allows his supporters to move up to the higher levels of the party, in which his main rivals were replaced with. Stalins control and organisation of the Secretariat was a key factor that helped him to gradually replace his opponents with his supporters, therefore allowing him to maximise his support of the whole party. This source explains how it was not only the control of the central organs but also Stalins political cunning that was key to his rise in power. Stalins Source B supports this argument to a certain extent but explores other factors that were vital to his rise in power. This includes Stalins policies and in particular Socialism in one country which urged for modernisation through industrialisation without the help of those outside. This policy carried undertones of nationalism and patriotism, appealing to the masses despite it clearly going against the Marxist theory. Socialism in one country proved far more popular than Permanent Revolution as it gave the Russians historic roles. However, it was not just this one policy that contributed to his popularity. His positions on the NEP and his decision to go for rapid industrialisation at the end of the 1920s were supported by the majority of the party. It can also be inferred from the source that Stalins political skill played a major role as he was responsive to the mood of the times and exploited this to his benefit. An alternative explanation is found in source C where a modern historians intentionalist interpretation of Stalins rise to power informs of Stalins ruthlessness being of great benefit to him. Furthermore, during the 1920s Stalin would often speak last at Politburo (The key decision making body) and would float in and out of alliances. His lack of loyalty to any of his colleagues was extremely beneficial to him, as he would cunningly float in and out of alliances as a way of gaining popularity. This was the case with Stalins change of policy on the NEP when he turned and attacked the right wing of the party and adopted the very policies of which he had smashed with the left of the party. Stalins cunning and intelligent political attributes are key in his rise to power. Furthermore, the source offers the idea that his own personal characteristics, being a disloyal and ruthless, played a dominant part in his climb to supreme power. However, there are a number of arguments that have not been presented in the sources. Stalins political skills, personal characteristics, policies and his control of the party organs have all been contested in the sources but there are many other factors that must be considered. Firstly is Stalins position in 1924 before Lenins death. Stalin had began to lay the foundations for his rise to power before Lenin was dead by exploiting the weakness of the central organs due to Lenins ill health. As a result of Stalin laying the foundations when Lenin was still in power he was able to become General Secretary in 1924. This came about due to Stalin being the link between the leader Lenin and the Politburo. The position of Stalin before Lenins death is a factor that must not be ignored, as it was when Stalin began to lay the foundations of what became his rise to power. His role of the General Secretary was key to him becoming more powerful within the party and being able to have his supporters entered into the party at the higher levels. Secondly, Lenins funeral played an important part in Stalins rise, as he was able to show how he could manipulate events. Stalin played a crucial part in Lenins funeral promoting his intention of continuing Lenins work. Trotsky failure to attend the funeral just further added to Stalins growing popularity and raised questions about Trotskys respect towards Lenin. Another crucial factor that added to Stalins success was the weakness of his opponents and in particular, Trotsky. Trotsky attacked the policies of the party and believed that it was becoming far too bureaucratic. These comments were only to increase his unpopularity as the bureaucracy had grown in size during Lenins reign as leader; therefore Trotsky was criticising Lenins leadership. This was not a good idea as Lenin was a cult figure in Russia and a much respected past leader by the party members. He also came under particular pressure when faced against the Triumvirate (Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev). By this time Trotskys support was absolutely minimal and he made little effort to gain support or even organise the support he had. By 1926 Trotskys weakness was finally exploited as Stalin was in the position to expel him. By 1929 Trotsky was neither in the party or the country as Stalin had expelled him from the party and country. Finally, there is an element of luck that contributed to Stalins rise. For example, Lenins testament was not read out which was lucky for Stalin as he said that Stalin was too rude and even went as far as to say that he should be removed from his current post of General Secretary. Moreover, for most of the struggle for power, Trotsky, whom was possibly his closest challenge, was ill. Trotskys illness was the reason he was not in Russia for Lenins funeral and relied purely on Stalin for the date of the funeral.

Comparing Forgiveness and Marriage in Much Ado, Alls Well, and Measure

Forgiveness and Marriage in Much Ado about Nothing, All's Well That Ends Well, and Measure for Measure      Ã‚   Shakespeare never does manage to make the journey to the end of his comic plays an easy one for his characters or his audience, and as his comedies evolve, the journey becomes even more difficult. Tragic elements and more psychologically complex characters increase the intensity of the ending and often make a reader or viewer question if there will be a happy ending at all. Specific male characters in three plays act as impediments to this comic ending, often prompted by a villainous character and sometimes by their own doing. These men: Claudio in Much Ado about Nothing, Bertram in All's Well That Ends Well, and Angelo in Measure for Measure for various reasons are not ready for marriage or love. Living in a patriarchal society, they are often more concerned with fighting in a war or preserving male bonds than they are with being in love or being married. The problems that occur between the couples about to be married or just recently married are essential because these men need to grow up and become responsible. The only way to change them is to let them commit these harmful acts and realize the consequence. The women: Hero, Helena, and Mariana must be strong enough to forgive them for the hurtful acts these men have committed against them in order for some semblance of a happy ending to take place.    The "crimes" committed by Claudio in Much definitely requires a great act of forgiveness but Hunter feels that forgiveness is the essential element in this play. He point out that "the love of man for woman (but not of woman for man) is seen too frail an emotion to sustain the pressures that are frequently put... ...nter, "Forgiving Claudio"    Works Cited Dash, Irene G. "When Women Choose: All's Well That Ends Well." Women's Worlds in Shakespeare. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1997. Friedman, Michael. "Male Bonds and Marriage in All's Well and Much Ado." Studies in English Literature 35 (1995): 231-248. ---. "'O, let him marry her!': Matrimony and Recompense in Measure for Measure." Shakespeare Quarterly. 46 (1995): 454-464. Hays, Janice. "Those 'soft and delicate desires' Much Ado and the Distrust of Women." The Woman's Part: Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed. Carolyn Ruth Swift Lenz, Gayle Greene, and Carol Thomas Neely. Chicago, Urbana, London: University of Illinois Press, 1980. Hunter, Robert Grams. "Forgiving Claudio." Twentieth Century Interpretations of Much Ado about Nothing. Ed. Walter Davis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 1969