Conducting Forensic Assessments

Leading Forensic Assessments This investigation talks about various parts of scientific brain research corresponding to adolescent suspects by surveying a person for the situation study depicted in the narrative Murder on a Sunday Morning. This paper gives the short portrayals of the accompanying: The contextual investigation in the narrative, including a portrayal of the individual and his criminological populace. The potential role(s) of a criminological clinician according to the contextual investigation. The measurable appraisal rules that apply to the contextual investigation. Any outsider data that might be important to gather for the legal evaluation of the contextual analysis. Moral as well as multicultural issues and additionally contemplations identified with the contextual analysis. An examination of how a legal therapist may best address each of the moral and additionally multicultural issues as well as contemplations that are portrayed. What a legal analyst may think critical to consider as well as decide when leading a scientific appraisal of the person for this situation study. What the courts may think imperative to consider or potentially decide from a scientific evaluation of the person for this situation study. At any rate two criminological evaluation instruments and additionally apparatuses that may be utilized according to this contextual investigation, with a clarification of why. The components that would be remembered for a measurable appraisal report dependent on this contextual analysis. Which components from a measurable appraisal report dependent on this contextual analysis would be important for declaration, and why. The suggestions that the evaluation may have for the result of the case Murder on a Sunday Morning This contextual analysis depends on the legal appraisal of the charged individual in the narrative Murder on a Sunday Morning (2001). The wrongdoing scene in the narrative depicts Mr. James Stevens seeing his significant other being shot and killed by a youthful dark male who was burglarizing her at the firearm point. The attacker carrying out this wrongdoing has been portrayed as a six feet tall thin dark male old enough in the middle of 20 and 25 years. The police captured Brenton Butler as a presume who is a multi year old dark male in spite of the fact that he is a lot shorter and more youthful than the genuine aggressor that the police was searching for. By the by, Butler was associated with the homicide as he was the main dark found close to the wrongdoing scene around then and being distinguished by the casualties spouse as the attacker who assaulted his significant other. He was then examined in the police headquarters without his folks and was even prevented from claiming ge tting any lawful assistance. Criminologist Glover cross examined the youngster and endeavored to cause him to admit the wrongdoing and pressurized him to find the homicide weapon. The investigator took Butler to a zone of woods near the wrongdoing scene and hit him once on the face and twice in the stomach as he couldn't remove any data from the suspect. After which, another investigator with the name Dwayne Darnell came to chip away at this case who made Butler sign a pre-composed admission that turned into a prime proof for the preliminary. The case was then gotten by Ann Finnell and Patrick Mc Guinness as open protectors against the province of Florida, who deliberately refuted the indictment by virtue of lacking proof created for the preliminary. They demonstrated that the police tormented Butler both mentally and genuinely to get the composed admission from him and that Butler had no thought process in the wrongdoing, no criminological proof and no homicide weapon were found and neither do Butler have any criminal record in the past nor he had any history of hazard factors, for example, poor child rearing, destitution, mental scatters, and so on., typically saw in crooks (Bartol, 2011 Burkhead, 2006). Subsequently, the jury set Butler free as he was not seen as liable of the wrongdoing after only 45 minutes of conversation in spite of the fact that Butler had just gone through a half year of detainment during the procedures of the preliminary. Head servant and his family made due with a pay of 7.75 million dollars wh en they really sued for 8.5 million dollars because of social equality infringement while the legal counselor was rebuffed by the District Judge John H, Moore for not arguing the case properly (Schoettler Pinkham, 2002). Afterward, the genuine criminal was captured, trialed and sentenced for the wrongdoing. Despite the fact that Butler got equity at long last, in any case, he would have not spent a half year in jail if a few parts of scientific brain science had been viewed as before in the preliminary. Criminological mental evaluation would have been done to decide Butlers competency to stand preliminary. In addition, Butler ought to have been given the instruments of Dr. Grisso to comprehend, survey and acknowledge Miranda Rights with the goal that he would have comprehended the significance of forgoing his privileges and perhaps would not have made the bogus admission under tension (Goldstein, Condie, Kalbeitzer, Osman Geier, 2003). Job of a Forensic Psychologists There are only two parts of criminological brain science that are material to the Butler case, which are: first to evaluate the capacity of the youthful suspect (Butler) to forgo his Miranda rights and the second to decide Butlers competency to stand preliminary. Appraisal Principles The significant inquiry is that whether to apply various measures to evaluate the competency of an adolescent? Various examinations alongside this narrative Murder on a Sunday Morning have derived that adolescents should be surveyed and trialed based on their development level as opposed to simply adhering to the Dusky Standard for their appraisal since their psychological and thinking capacities have not been completely evolved when contrasted with those of the grown-ups. By and by, this issue is still in banter in the circles of the lawful framework (Ryba, Cooper Zapf, 2003, p500). The criminological clinicians ought to evaluate the adolescent speculate independent of the gauges being followed with the end goal that his/her degree of understanding the legitimate procedures and his/her intellectual mental capacities are estimated precisely. I consider that for this situation investigation of the narrative Murder on a Sunday Morning in the event that Butler was discovered inept to stand preliminary prior in the procedures, at that point this would not have been much for Butler since such an individual is generally sent for treatment until he/she can stand preliminary which may even take quite a long while. As, for the most part, the court procedures would even now hold while the presumed adolescent is treated through an outpatient strategy so as to pick up competency to stand preliminary. Since Butler was blameless in any case in this way keeping the preliminary on hold until he gets skillful to stand preliminary after treatment would have been an incredible foul play to him (Viljoen Roesch, 2008), maybe the competency investigation was not done in the narrative because of this explanation. Another hazardous component of measurable brain research is the issue that who is the customer. All in all, the individual whom the analyst is rewarding or surveying is his/her customer. By the by, in lawful issues as the one depicted in the narrative Murder on a Sunday Morning, the analyst is working as a team with the lawful group to discover the psychological degree of the suspect and not for the analysis or treatment of the presumes issue. Consequently, the last report composed by the therapist in such manner could be significantly one-sided relying on the lawful group with which he/she is working and the sort of the appraisal being directed. This further means in the event that the therapist is working with the indictment, at that point he/she would underline over the fierce conduct of the suspect in his/her appraisal report and in this way, would prescribe moving the adolescent suspect to the grown-up court so the focus is applied uniquely to the discipline parts of the law. Th en again, on the off chance that the clinician is working with the resistance counsel, at that point he/she might want to keep the adolescent suspect in the adolescent court framework to guarantee the arrangement of legitimate help and treatment for him/her. Outsider Information The outsider data is likewise significant for a criminological analyst albeit the greater part of the data will be procured from the person under evaluation. The open protectors on account of Butler utilized his mom as a hotspot for deciding the character and propensities for her child because of which, the indictment case was debilitated. Concerning example, Butlers mother discredited the announcement of Glover (the essential cross examiner) that Butler rose up to embrace him and said he was happy to see him when he (the criminologist) went into in to the room, as she uncovers that her child is exceptionally saved and regularly never embraces outsiders. In spite of the fact that this data could have likewise been procured from a therapist anyway its effect was more when the mother herself introduced it before the jury (de Lestrade, 2001). This further demonstrates regularly crucial data can be procured from the outsider as opposed to being accessible from the customer. As the mother called attention to that Butler was extremely tranquil and saved, henceforth his short answers to the inquiries permitted the scientific analyst to separate next to no data from him to present to the court. Further, a specialist guaranteed before the jury that the injuries on Butlers body were caused while he was in police authority. Albeit a legal analyst could report this data to the jury as outsider data be that as it may, in agreement to the 4 Cs of declaration, a therapist doesn't have a clinical information about the injuries where as a clinical specialist does, accordingly the declaration of a clinical specialist in such manner would be considered as the more grounded proof. Also, a clinical specialist could affirm that how the injuries were procured by Butler while a measurable clinician proved unable. In this way, the declaration of a clinical specialist would represent a superior effect on the preliminary alongside guaranteeing adherence to the 4 Cs of declaration: Clarity, Certainty, Case Specificity and

Informative Speech: Barbie Essay

With in excess of 150 vocations on her resume she has functioned as a Nurse, lifeguard, move educator and even space traveler. Her fame has spread all through the world for a considerable length of time. She is delightful, capable and each and every young lady has longed to have her. Who is this lady you may inquire? Her name is Barbie. I will be talking about the History, notoriety, and contentions of the Barbie doll. The Barbie doll was concocted by a lady named Ruth Handler in 1959. Ruth had a little girl named Barbra and saw that she would make paper dolls and delighted in giving them grown-up jobs. During that time there were very few dolls that were grown-up like. Most spoke to newborn children known as the infant doll. Ruth imparted her plan to her significant other who was the fellow benefactor of the Mattel Toy Company. At first he was apathetic about the thought. Saying that the thought was to costly and wouldn’t be attractive. Ruth’s thought was enlivened by the Lilli doll which depended on a famous funny cartoon. The Lilli doll was a blonde sensation, working young lady who Ruth felt spoke to ladies in a positive view. Regardless of Ruth’s introductory help from her better half she took a shot at her plan of the doll with her architect companion Jack Ryan. The doll was given the name Barbie named after Ruth’s little girl Barbara. The doll appeared at the American International Toy reasonable March 9, 1959. This date is likewise utilized as Barbie’s birthday. At the point when the Barbie Doll was propelled she was presented as a high school style model. She was accessible in blonde or brunette wearing a high contrast swimsuit, braid, shoes and e6ar rings. Throughout the years the Barbie configuration has changed from various perspectives. For instance, in 1971 the dolls eyes were changed in accordance with look forward rather than a sideways look. In 1961 a red haired Barbie was added to the assortment. after 19 years in 1980 the main African American and Hispanic Barbie doll was propelled. Since the time 1959 the Barbie doll marvel has not eased back down and still sells a huge number of dolls every year today. The Barbie doll was a much needed refresher for kids and the toy business which drives me to my next point the Barbie dolls ubiquity. The Barbie doll is one of the best dolls ever, with deals of more than 1.7 billion out of 1998. As indicated by the Mattel Toy Company, 3 Barbies are sold at regular intervals all through the world. Today, Barbie has become a brand and isn't constrained to simply dolls. There are videoâ games , PC programs that permit little youngsters to configuration outfits for Barbie and obviously motion pictures. Barbie showed up in toy story 2 and 3 as a supporting character to woody and Buzz light year. Time Square even named one of the roads Barbie Avenue for seven days. The Barbie doll has been a developing most loved for young ladies everywhere throughout the world. A billion Barbie’s have been sold worldwide in more than 150 nations. There are more choices with respect to what kind of Barbie that can be purchased which I accept promotions to its prevalence. Since the Barbie brand offers such a great amount of assortment to the extent race and ethnicity, occupation, and style inclines the brand has impacted the world forever with this development. Eight months after Barbie’s debut at Toy Fair. Ruth Handler was by the Los Angeles Times maintaining a half-million dollar business. Ruth states in her book â€Å"Dream Doll†; I structured the doll with a clear face so the kid could extend her own fantasies and future onto Barbie†. Ruth’s vision for her doll was to be certain and to help little youngsters confidence. She felt it was significant for kids to have a sensible perspective on ladies through the doll. All things considered numerous individuals didn't concur with her and the Barbie doll caused a great deal of discussion. One analysis that the Barbie doll got was from mothers expressing that they felt it was improper to have a doll with bosom. Ruth Stated in a meeting â€Å"I trust it is imperative to a young ladies confidence to play with a doll that has bosom, other than one day she also will have bosom and she is beautiful†. Another gigantic controverserial subject was the self-perception. If Barbie somehow happened to be a genuine ladies her estimations would be a 36† bosom 18† midsection and 33† hip if Barbie was a human she would not have the option to stand upright since her body was not proportioned of an ordinary ladies, A scholastic master n=by the name of John Hay expressed that the probability of a ladies being molded like Barbie was under 1 of every 100,000. Numerous individuals felt this was not giving a sensible to little youngsters see on how a women’s body is formed. Pundits felt that little youngsters would accept that on the off chance that they are not molded like Barbie they would have poor self-perception and could prompt dietary issues. In spite of the fact that the Barbie brand came out with their first African American and Hispanic doll in 1980, a portion of the African American people group was upset about the portrayal of the doll. They felt that the main thing that the doll had was darker skin yet needed African America n highlights. For Awhile the dark Barbie had dropped in sells radically until at last the Mattelâ toy organization reviewed all the dark Barbie’s and made them to have a greater amount of African American highlights. Despite the fact that the Barbie has gotten a lot of debate, Ruth and her innovation has been a distinct advantage. She began with one thought and it changed the world. Today Barbie is a brand and has been going solid for more than 50 years. She faced a challenge despite the fact that she didn’t have a lot of help from others she felt in her heart that she needed to create something that was in opposition to what was being sold in the toy business. The exercise in this is to follow your fantasies regardless of how much help you could conceivably have. In the event that you have a dream put it all on the line and regardless of whatever analysis you may get drive forward and you also can change the world.

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Does Your Essay Have Connectivity

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Does Your Essay Have Connectivity If you were to read a skilled writer’s work (in the  Wall Street Journal,  New York Times  or  New Yorker, for example), you would find articles that are characterized by “connectivity.” Simply put, a skilled writer ensures that each sentence is part of a chainâ€"each sentence depends on the previous one and necessitates the next. With this linkage in place, the central idea is constantly moving forward, giving the story a natural flow and making it easy to follow. Although you do not need to write at the same level as a professional journalist, you should still embrace this concept, because it is central to excellent essay writing. With a “connected” essay, you will grab and hold your reader’s attention. You can test your essay’s connectivity by removing a sentence from one of your paragraphs. If the central idea in the paragraph still makes complete sense after this removal, odds are you have superfluous language, are not advancing the story effectively and should revise your draft. Try this exercise with a random selection from the  New York Times: “For many grocery shoppers, the feeling is familiar: that slight swell of virtue that comes from dropping a seemingly healthful product into a shopping cart. But at one New England grocery chain, choosing some of those products may induce guilt instead. The chain, Hannaford Brothers, developed a system called Guiding Stars that rated the nutritional value of nearly all the food and drinks at its stores from zero to three stars. Of the 27,000 products that were plugged into Hannaford’s formula, 77 percent received no stars, including many, if not most, of the processed foods that advertise themselves as good for you. These included V8 vegetable juice (too much sodium), Campbell’s Healthy Request Tomato soup (ditto), most Lean Cuisine and Healthy Choice frozen dinners (ditto) and nearly all yogurt with fruit (too much sugar).” If you were to delete any of these sentences, you would create confusion for the reader, proving that each sentence is connected and vital! Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Bartleby, The Scrivener Day - 1145 Words

Bartleby, the Scrivener Day 1 1. The lawyer is a smart and observant man that runs a small law practice with four employees. He seems oddly obsessed with one of his former employees though. This infatuation with Bartleby has caused him to write an entire short story about him. 2. The lawyer is considered by others as â€Å"an eminently safe man† because his job, lifestyle, and demeanor are not flashy or risky at all. For example, his job as a lawyer is to work with bonds and mortgages not on high profile murders. 3. The lawyer’s â€Å"profound conviction† that the easiest way in life is the best way shows the reader that he is not very motivated, is probably content with stay where he is at in his career, and is lazy. 4. The lawyer’s business is â€Å"a†¦show more content†¦I would love to have an employer that accepts my quirks for what good I can do. 11 The lawyer’s office and general surroundings are presumably in an office building which is in a city. Inside his office there are two sides one with Turkey and Nippers. The other side has the lawyer and Bartleby who are separated by a screen. In this story, the setting is important because Bartleby in particular and the other people in the office as well are trapped in by other buildings and screens. 12 As presented, Bartleby is a quiet, hard working, pale man that rarely leaves the office during work hours. 13 The work quarters Bartleby has been given are very cramped and claustrophobic. For example, out of all the widows near Bartleby’s desk the only thing visible is bricks from the other buildings and right behind him is a screen separating his office with his boss’s office. 14 As a new hire, Bartleby is very diligent and effective in his work. The lawyer is surprised by how well his new hire is doing so soon. The lawyer even described Bartleby as parched for copy work. 15 The lawyer’s initial impression of Bartleby was very positive. His impression was so positive that he put Bartleby’s desk closest to his own desk so that he could do his more important and urgent tasks. 16 I regarded Bartleby’s response to the lawyer when asked to proofread documents as being as respectful as possible so that he wouldn’t upset theShow MoreRelatedBartleby, the Scrivener Story Analysis535 Words   |  3 Pagesso, you could relate with the lawyer in the story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener.† In this story, the narrator, who is a lawyer, has a simple man named Bartleby respond to a job opening as a scrivener. Unbeknownst to the lawyer, Bartleby did not act in the manner the lawyer would have expected. Bartleby is so outside of what is expected that it is almost as if he had died and no longer had to live up to society’s standards. In this story, Bartleby is portrayed as a lifeless zombie and is alone withRead MoreEssay about The Significance of Confusion in Bartleby the Scrivener748 Words   |  3 PagesBartleby the Scrivener presents the reader with confusion throughout the story but it is a pleasurable and disquietude story and entertaini ng until the end (Prompt.) Bartleby is repetitive on refusing to complete activities; the reader might wonder, why not just agree, and do the activity one has requested to be completed? Thus, the reader becomes confused. However, this is not the only thing that confuses the reader; Bartlebys bizarre behaviors confuse the reader, yet draw the reader intoRead MoreBartleby The Scrivener Analysis1203 Words   |  5 Pagesinclude â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener†. The story of â€Å"Bartleby† is not only a revelation of the business world of the mid-19th century but at the same time, it is also the manifestation of the emerging capitalistic lifestyle of perhaps New York’s most prominent street, Wall Street. Bartleby is a rather peculiar yet captivating figure. Bartleby’s life and death contribute to a sort of enigma for the reader and his employer. â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† is a story that criticizes the monotonous day-to-day cycleRead MoreSimilariti es Between Young Goodman Brown And Bartleby The Scrivener1204 Words   |  5 Pages The Prejudices of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† The story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne occurs in the 1600’s and takes place in Salem, a town located in the northeastern side of Boston, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that was established by the Puritan settlers. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†, by Herman Melville, is set in New York in 1853 in a law office staffed with peculiar men. Both stories have some prejudice aspects. The definition of prejudice is â€Å"preconceivedRead MoreCompare And Contrast Young Goodman Brown And Bartleby The Scrivener1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Prejudices of Young Goodman Brown and Bartleby the Scrivener The story of Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne occurs in the 1600’s and takes place in Salem, a town located in the northeastern side of Boston, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that was established by the Puritan settlers. Bartleby the Scrivener, by Herman Melville, is set in New York in 1853 in a law office staffed with peculiar men. Both stories have some prejudice aspects. The definition of prejudice is â€Å"preconceived opinionRead MoreLord Bartleby, The Scrivener : A Tale Of Wall Street1530 Words   |  7 PagesResistance in Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Tale of Wall Street Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Tale of Wall Street by Herman Melville is best summarized by an Ernest Hemingway quote which states: â€Å"The best people possess a feeling for beauty, the courage to take risks, the discipline to tell the truth, the capacity for sacrifice. Ironically, their virtues make them vulnerable; they are often wounded, sometimes destroyed.† Bartleby contrasts both his coworkers and the lawyer by boldly exercising his ownRead MoreBartleby the Autistic Scrivener Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesshort story â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† is about a lawyer who hires a copyist, named Bartleby, who politely refuses to not work. While most employers would not tolerate an employee who continually prefers to do less work, this lawyer finds it hard to dismiss or discipline his scrivener and allows his insubordination to go on for an extended period of time. Bartleby shows great acquisition at copying documents and works diligently all day and night. The lawy er soon discovers that Bartleby has begun toRead More Social Deviance in Bartleby the Scrivener Essay608 Words   |  3 Pages Social Deviance in Bartleby the Scrivener nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Bartleby the Scrivener is a story that takes place on Wall Street, peopled by workers of a common mold.nbsp; Being a non-conformatist of the most extreme type,nbsp; Bartleby is eventually suffers a death of attrition.nbsp; The message that Melville intends for the reader is how society has little tolerance for social deviance. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; I mentioned aRead MoreComparing Barttleby, The Scrivener : A Story Of Wall Street And Bartleby1308 Words   |  6 Pagesthem an injustice? This research will look at the short story Bartleby, the Scrivener: A story of Wall Street and compare it to Jonathan Parkers 2001 film version Bartleby. Herman Melville wrote the short story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A story of wall street† in 1853, narrating a tale from a lawyer about his strange behaved office clerk Bartleby. In 2001 Johnathan Parker of Parker productions turned that story into a film, â€Å"Bartleby.† However, Jonathan Parker makes many changes from the classicRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club And Bartleby The Scrivener1376 Words   |  6 Pageswith Amy Tan’s ‘The Joy Luck Club’ and Herman Melville’s ‘Bartleby, the Scrivener,’ as I resonated well with its main characters; just as the characters gradually developed in their respective stories, I fou nd that I, too, developed by applying the story s main motifs to my life. My appreciation for ‘Bartleby’ developed over the two days that I had read it. Upon the first night’s reading of half of Herman Melville’s ‘Bartleby, the Scrivener,’ I considered the story and its characters to be banal.

Comparing Medieval and Rennaisance Paintings Essay

Comparing Medieval and Rennaisance Paintings In the following essay I shall compare and contrast paintings from the medieval and renaissance period. Medieval paintings were very realistic and precise. The king in the painting is in the middle, and anything painted in the middle is the center of attraction or the important object in the painting. To prove this theory, I looked at the painting and the first thing that caught my eye is the king. The human body is not too detailed but the actions they are doing or intend to do are very clear. The painter created visual space in this painting in a very witty way; he painted pillars and ceiling ornaments, which is an indication of height and space. I think it is a very successful method†¦show more content†¦In the following paragraph I shall briefly describe the renaissance painting. This painting is based on the story of a poor man who couldn’t pay his taxes. Then Jesus told him to go to a certain place where he should cut open a fish and there he shall find a silver coin to pay his taxes with. He did so and paid his taxes. On the left of the painting you can see the barrel of fish, one of the fish is where he got the s ilver coin. In the middle Jesus is explaining the situation to the people. Masaccio always painted the most important things in the middle. On the right the man is paying his taxes. There are many things that the two paintings had in common some of the reasons are: It is similar in the layout, A good example would be the objects in the middle. Jesus and the king are in the middle and obviously they are the main characters in the painting. There is also lots of visual space on both paintings e.g.: mountains, pillars. This is the case because the renaissance is the rebirth of the classics and the classics were basically the medieval paintings. So the renaissance paintings were in a way based on the medieval ones. Renaissance paintings also differed from medieval ones. The Renaissance painting is laid out in a way which tells a story, however the medieval one is showing an event which is virtually a fact or a point. The Renaissance painting shows more detail than the medieval one and better use of

How Can People Have A Healthier Lifestyle - 1780 Words

More than 78.6 million of U.S. adults are obese, that is almost one-third of the whole U.S. population. The U.S. ranks 27th on the scale of most obese countries (out of 188). America is the only country where the poor are more obese than the rich or middle class. Today’s generation might be the first in which parents will outlive their own children due to obesity related problems. The lives of the 20th century differs from this generation because of lifestyles, eating habits, GMO’s and lack of exercise. These situations could be resolved, by making this generation realize the hardships one could possibly phase if not taken into action. Is it that people just have poor living choices? Is it the businesses fault? Is it the government’s? How can people have a healthier lifestyle? Every individual has a unique lifestyle and a story that unfolds as time goes by. Some people grow up in families with great fortune, some struggle and some live day-by-day; but eventually move out and start a life by themselves and decide whether keeping the lifestyle or choosing a new one. As I was growing up, life was great, of course, having both parents meant I had a stable life. However, in a blink of an eye it changed, mom had multiple jobs, trying to raise four children on her own was difficult. She was determined to keep things as they were, but it grew more and more difficult, so buying the cheaper products was more convenient. Cheaper products were equivalent to the most unhealthyShow MoreRelatedObesity : The Current State Of Obesity1518 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent state of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouragin g these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. Taxing fatty foods would help to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesityRead MoreThe Current State Of Obesity1526 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent state of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouraging these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. Taxing fatty foods would help to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesityRead MoreOnline Technology, Mainly The Use Of Internet, Was Not1379 Words   |  6 Pagesfinding information on any topic took time and effort before the internet took over. This meant that if one wanted to learn how to live a healthy lifestyle, he or she must actively be searching for the information. Sources such as fitness magazines, commercial ads, and articles in the newspaper were the popular outlets of the fitness industry that helped lead people to healthier lives pre-1990s. Misinformation was propagated throughout these fitness magazines according to a study done by Shimansky whichRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Life Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesliving your life this way. You want to become healthier overall, but it just seems impossible in your eyes. Luckily, you are not alone. An issue that almost every woman needs to overcome is finding advice to live a healthier lifestyle. As technology is becoming increasing popular, the use of social media is as well. Because of this, it is easier to share information in a blink of an eye. Using social media to discover advice on how to live a healthier lifes tyle is the key to solving the problem of notRead MoreVegetarian Diets are the Healthiest Diets Vegetarians have a tendency to live a longer and1700 Words   |  7 PagesVegetarian Diets are the Healthiest Diets Vegetarians have a tendency to live a longer and healthier life. They have a habit of being more concerned and attentive with their diet and what they are eating. Statistics show that vegetarian diets have been adopted by at least 7.3 million Americans today. Dictionary.reference.com states that vegetarianism is â€Å"a person who does not eat or does not believe in eating meat, fish, fowl, or, in some cases, any food derived from animals, as eggs or cheese,Read MoreThe Food Of Organic Foods1413 Words   |  6 PagesShopping for groceries can be unhealthy and possibly even toxic if one does not know that much about the foods they are buying. Too many people put aside the fact that we may be harming our bodies from all of the toxins from non-organic foods we are eating or drinking every day. Finding out the truth of all the non-organic foods people have been giving their family versus the organic foods they should be giving their families, will have some people thinking twice abou t whether or not they shouldRead MoreThe Zero Waste Lifestyle Is The Healthiest952 Words   |  4 Pagesall the pollution and waste in the world people don’t think that by doing small things they can help. Zero waste lifestyles are the way we should be living. They are much more efficient in creating less trash per household. People should be more conscious to living this way. The zero waste lifestyle is the smartest way to live and can lead to healthier life. The zero waste lifestyle is the healthiest and most efficient way to live. The zero waste lifestyle is very good at reducing the amount ofRead MoreWith The Recent Shift In Our Country’S Political Climate1492 Words   |  6 Pagesto its citizens. As the old adage goes, health is wealth; maintaining and enhancing body and mind not only provides health benefits, but can also help us in the long run. The ways in which we go about this, of course, vary considering the vast variety of social factors that influence lifestyle choices, but a â€Å"healthy life† can be boiled down to four major lifestyle behaviors, according to independent studies conducted by British scientists Janas Harrington and Phyo Myint. Myint’s longitudinal studyRead MoreFood Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, is on the question of how this can â€Å"healthy lifestyle† can be obtained. Whereas some are convinced that trusting yourself and your body will lead to better choices, others maintain that eating food in moderation and more fruits and vegetables is the best path to choose. â€Å"Today, more than 95% of all chronic disease is caused by food choice, toxic food ingredients, nutritional deficiencies and lack of physical exercise.† In other words, there needs to be change in how we go about our daily dietRead Moresocio ecological model1527 Words   |  7 PagesSingaporeans to adopt a healthy eating lifestyle. This is evident from the recent launch of an iPhone app entitled â€Å"Healthy Chef† by the Health Promotion Board (HPB) in 2011 that provides healthy cooking recipes for Singaporeans. There is also the implementation of Healthier Hawker Programme which enlists the support of the hawkers to dish out healthier food choices for Singaporeans dining out. Despite all these efforts in place, the notion of adopting healthy eating lifestyle remains insignificant, especially

The Kidney free essay sample

â€Å"You’re in for an engrossing lesson today!† says Nida Yildiz in an ominous voice, as we shuffle into our seats. The assistant teacher hesitantly places scalpels into the trays already on our desks. â€Å"We’re dissecting something, aren’t we?† my best friend Deniz says, her face already turning multiple shades of green. Mrs. Yildiz, my biology teacher mentor and friend of three years, walks to the front of the classroom tightly buttoning her white lab coat, as she anticipates an absolute carnage to occur within the next 40 minutes. â€Å"Today, class, I’m going to introduce you to our next topic The Kidney.† A subtle ostinato of groans begins, as we get up off our chairs to go fetch our lab coats. Even I, pegged as aˆ?the curious, awkward and odd kid from the back of the class’, am taken aback. Who cares about The Kidney? Why couldn’t we study something weird and gooey like the intestine? Booooring†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kidney or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † I think to myself. Our school’s jock interrupts my thoughts as he returns to his seat at the back of the classroom. I do the same, perching myself atop my assigned lab table. A second later, the teacher’s assistant places what looks like a giant red bean into my tray. I pick up the kidney, tracing its resilient skin with the dull end of my scalpel. I survey the class room, noticing that students are already going all Hannibal Lector on the poor organs. I decide to start by cutting my way through the ureter in order to slice the kidney in half like an apple. I then get to thinking that the kidney is actually very unique; it’s quite different from our other bodily organs. They say we die pretty quickly when any of our 23 organs is removed. And the kidney is one of them. But how could an organ as little as that humongous red bean in front of me be so vital to our existence? That gets me to thinking that the human bodys not much different than a high school community. If every high school has a student body, then cliques of 14- to 18-year-old teenagers would be considered, according to my theory, the organs. Having racked up 14 years of experience from six schools so far, including two high schools, I should know! These cliques are easy to point out: the jocks, the goths, the stoners, the nerds, the plastics (you know, the cheerleaders), multicultural kids (African Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, etc), and, of course, the outsiders. You learn to hate them or love them, but for the most part each group coexists as a necessary part of a well-oiled machine, just like our body organs. And, lets not forget, the brain and cerebellum, which, for the purposes of this essay, could be the administration and the teaching staff, respectively. To most high schoolers, their life revolves around school, in such a way that the latter becomes as crucial to students emotional well being as their heart is to their physical existence. For a period o f four years, the students contribute in every way to the school, and in a sense, the high school gives back, offering security and stability, just like organs in a body. This theory even extends to a family unit. In my case, my mom, dad, and brother all play an essential role in my â€Å"organ system† theory. Theyve remained my security blanket in a whirlwind life that so far has been lived on three continents. My human body encompasses three countries that are each by blood or birth intrinsically my own yet different from each other in culture and religion, while my family is where my heart sanity and comfort zone is. This is why I consider my school and my family the critical organs of my existence kinda like the kidney I hold in my hand, very small but at the same time an integral part of my being.

Information Systems Essay Example Strategic Systems Planning

What is the apparent value of strategic systems planning during turbulent times when technology shifts occur so frequently? The occurrence of frequent technology shifts give companies a great opportunity to differentiate themselves by cost structure, product feature and service. This is especially true with regards to IT which McFarlan and Nolan (Para 8) state could be used to increase efficiencies and improve cost savings, to support incremental improvement of organizational structure, products, and services, and also to create strategic advantage through changing the rules of competition, extending customer value proposition, extending competitive scope and so on. In this light, it is prudent for organizations to maximize on the opportunities availed by today’s rapidly changing technologies. Strategic information systems and technology planning provides a framework that can help organizations recognize and harnessing these opportunities that are arising out of technology turbulence. Strategic information systems and technology planning is valuable to organizations in such environments where the pace of doing business keeps going up because it reflects a convergence of both means and ends. As means, information systems have become so important to achieving business objectives that they have to be weighed as part of the process of selecting objectives, and not merely act as a means to accomplishing objectives already identified (Pollack 49). As ends, information systems can extend the customer value proposition through provision of new IT-based products and services (McFarlan and Nolan Para 9). Specifically, the intended result of the strategic information systems planning process is to arrive at information systems (IS) strategy that comprises of the Information Strategy, the Information Technology Strategy, the Information Management Strategy and the Change Management and Implementation Strategy (Pollack 51). From each of this sub-sections of the IS strategy, the organization is better able to critically appraise the new technologies, identify those that match its business and organizational strategies and implement them. The ideal situation is that technology should not act as a constraint on a company’s current and emerging business strategy, rather it needs to enable and support them. Further, regardless of the whether times are turbulent or not, in a rapidly changing technology landscape or not, the merits of strategic systems planning that an organization is bound to experience have been well documented by several authors such as Steiner. Some of these merits include application of the systems approach, introduction of new set of decision forces, creating channels of communication and creating a framework for making decision (Steiner 38). A good example of the value of evaluating the company using the systems approach is that it permits management to view the organization as a whole and not as a sum of parts. This way the organization can unearth the interrelationships of its different units and how new technologies will affect these interrelationships. Finally, conducting strategic systems planning during turbulent times provides the company with an ability to iterate quickly around the loop: identify, adopt, measure and learn. When opportunities are presented by the technology shifts it is paramount for organizations to respond quickly in order to take advantage. As Pollack (50) states: â€Å"some rapid responses may be viewed later as failed experiments, but that may prove to be better than a lost opportunity.† Works Cited McFarlan, F. W, and Richard L Nolan. â€Å"Does IT Matter? An HBR Debate.† HBS Working Knowledge. 25 Aug. 2003. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. Pollack, Thomas A. â€Å"Strategic Information Systems Planning.† ASCUE 2010 Proceedings. North Myrtle Beach, SC: ASCUE, 2010. 47-58. Print. Steiner, George A. Strategic Planning. New York: The Free Press, 1979. Print. Take Our Academic Assistance Now There is not a speck of doubt in the fact that we are one of the most professional academic writing services you can ever find online. Don’t you want to benefit from such a service? You sure do. Tell us to forward you the login details.

Free Essays on Continental Airlines

come to mind when you think of Continental Airlines? Successful company, preferred airline, good service, on-time airline, top carrier, financially solvent, happy employees. These are all true; however, this was not always the case. Just six short years ago, probably not one of those descriptions would even be said in the same breath as Continental Airlines. In fact, in 1994, Continental was facing its third bankruptcy; that bankruptcy would have been the final blow to take this airline down for the last time. Employees were disgruntled about their work environment, their pay, and their airline; they had even taken pay-cut after pay-cut in an effort to keep the airline afloat. Customers did not think much more of the company, as Continental was considered simply the worst among the nation’s ten biggest airlines. Continental Airlines is now recognized as one of Fortune Magazine’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for in America,† even moving up from the 40th posit ion to a very respectable number 23 on the list in 1999 (a particularly satisfying award for a company of over 50,000 employees). Continental is also now considered to be a respected airline and company, not only in the airline industry but also across all industries both nationally and worldwide. This metamorphosis came about because of a team of individuals who took a hard look at the condition of the company. They considered where the company had been and where it could go. At that point in time, the possibilities were two; Continental could continue on the road it was on (and probably end up in its third bankruptcy and possibly the end of an airline) or undergo some major changes in the hopes of creating a really great airline. As the story goes, the Board of Directors of Continental Airlines went out on a limb and hired a gutsy, plain-speaking ex-Navy aircraft mechanic who was armed with a few commonsense noti... Free Essays on Continental Airlines Free Essays on Continental Airlines A Change in Direction at Continental Airlines What words come to mind when you think of Continental Airlines? Successful company, preferred airline, good service, on-time airline, top carrier, financially solvent, happy employees. These are all true; however, this was not always the case. Just six short years ago, probably not one of those descriptions would even be said in the same breath as Continental Airlines. In fact, in 1994, Continental was facing its third bankruptcy; that bankruptcy would have been the final blow to take this airline down for the last time. Employees were disgruntled about their work environment, their pay, and their airline; they had even taken pay-cut after pay-cut in an effort to keep the airline afloat. Customers did not think much more of the company, as Continental was considered simply the worst among the nation’s ten biggest airlines. Continental Airlines is now recognized as one of Fortune Magazine’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for in America,† even moving up from the 40th position to a very respectable number 23 on the list in 1999 (a particularly satisfying award for a company of over 50,000 employees). Continental is also now considered to be a respected airline and company, not only in the airline industry but also across all industries both nationally and worldwide. This metamorphosis came about because of a team of individuals who took a hard look at the condition of the company. They considered where the company had been and where it could go. At that point in time, the possibilities were two; Continental could continue on the road it was on (and probably end up in its third bankruptcy and possibly the end of an airline) or undergo some major changes in the hopes of creating a really great airline. As the story goes, the Board of Directors of Continental Airlines went out on a limb and hired a gutsy, plain-speaking ex-Navy aircraft mechanic who was armed with a few commonsense noti...

Exploration of a chemotherapy regime used for head and neck cancers Essay

Exploration of a chemotherapy regime used for head and neck cancers and its side effect- mucositis - Essay Example In this regard, chemotherapy is regarded as one of the effective treatments, which is readily accessible for combatting against cancer. It is often viewed to be an anti-cancer drug, which is used to damage cancer cells. This treatment is offered with the objective of minimising the growth as well as the development of cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs are injected in the veins of a human body that circulates in the blood throughout the body, so that they are able to reach the cancer cells effectively. In relation to the case of head along with neck cancers, chemotherapy treatment would be applicable with the assistance of radiotherapy in a combined manner. The aforementioned combined treatment for cancer is recognised as chemo radiation. Chemotherapy treatment is offered to shrink tumours before surgery. The most common chemotherapy drugs that are offered for combatting against neck and head cancers are Cisplatin and 4 day 5-fluorouracil. ... mucositis. Chemotherapy Regimen in relation to Cisplatin and 4 day 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy treatment in relation to Cisplatin and 4 day 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is offered to patients with head and neck cancer after conducting a blood test. On ascertaining that the result of blood test is normal, the chemotherapy drugs are prepared. The nurses insert catheter or ‘peripherally inserted central catheters’ (PICC) line in a vein nearby the collarbone or in the arms of human body. The patients suffering with head or neck cancer are offered with anti-sickness drugs through the line before the infusion of Cisplatin and 5FU (Macmillan Cancer Support, 2012). The chemotherapy treatments are offered for mitigating cancer in different ways. There are certain procedures or plans on the basis of which treatments are offered to cancer patients in an effective manner so that damaged cells are restricted to grow uncontrollably. Additionally, following a particular regimen will eventually facilitate in combatting against the significant concern of cancer. In this regard, one of the most appropriate chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of head and neck cancers is to the follow a mentioned schedule. In this context, in the first day of the chemotherapy treatment, a patient having neck and head cancer is provided with Cisplatin infusion combined with pre and post hydration. After the infusion of Cisplatin, the patient is then infused with 5FU. The 5FU infusion has an effect for four days. The patients having central or PICC line are allowed to leave for home with a portable pump after the infusion of Cisplatin and 5FU. Contextually, the patients with the attached portable pump should return to the medical centre and with the assistance of a nurse, are required to get the pump

Ajax Minerals and the Problems at Perrier case study Assignment

Ajax Minerals and the Problems at Perrier case study - Assignment Example The leadership team at Ajax Minerals wanted a change in the operational activities as they were planning for future activities. They were concerned about the challenges they have to face  in the near future from their competitors. In order to continue their operations easily, they required certain changes without which  the future of Ajax Minerals was  considered  to be in danger. The supervisors and workers did not foresee any such threats which the leadership considered dangerous. All of  the labor force at Ajax Minerals was poorly managed, and there has always been poor management and labor relation. The employees (labor) always considered that any meeting held would result in redundancy or cut-offs. The laborers resist to change because of their past experiences (Hall & Hord, 2014). The main reason of resistance to change at Ajax is because of the lack of coordination between the management and the lack of job security. The laborers have always resisted to change because of such reasons and at this moment they had the same perception about the change which the leadership team wanted to implement. The leadership team at Ajax was aware of the reaction of the employees and tried to deal with this situation opposite to the customary manner (Hiatt & Creasey, 2003). Before implying any changes, the management team and the supervisors interacted and discussed the changes. This policy was never opted in the past, but they considered it important as it was the only way to implement the changes. In the meetings, the managers discussed the problems that the company was expected to face and even asked for their advice. The managers at the company also used an open book approach through which all the employees gained access to the financial performance of the company. The above two strategies were opted by the managers at Ajax to avoid resistance to change by the employees (Hall & Hord, 2014). In every organization,

Fast food nation Essay Example for Free

Fast food nation Essay Let’s be real, the idea of choosing fast food is an attractive option. The ease of driving to a pick-up window to grab a delicious meal for a few dollars in under a couple of minutes is so hard to resist. I mean, who wants to drive to the grocery store to buy ingredients that cost more than an item on the value menu? Who wants to prepare and spend time cooking when you could just wait a few minutes to have someone make you food? Worst of all, who wants to clean up after the mess you made so you can repeat the cycle over again? I could see why many Americans choose such an appealing option. On the other hand, it appears that there are numerous consequences that people are too blind to notice. The entire experience about eating food among friends and families had been replaced by a rushed bite. It is to the point where people view fast food as an essential part of their habitual life. This leads to many problems like health and economic issues. America may have evolved into a fast food nation, or really a fat food nation. To this day, it seems that fast food is the â€Å"go-to† option because of its convenience, tastiness, and practicality. Unfortunately, the entire experience of eating food has transformed into a â€Å"routine†¦that is now taken for granted† (Schlosser 3). I agree with Schlosser because many people disregard the traditions that food brings to the table. Friends and families come together to eat food and enjoy each other’s company. Yet people overlook it and choose to finish their food within minutes with no words exchanged to continue what they were doing before. I think that one of the main reasons is how fast paced our country has become, and how our eating habits have sped up. Families have changed the way they eat as the years have progressed. Before, it was considered that â€Å"housewives would have a home-cooked meal ready for their husband and kids† (guest speaker, 11/20) when they arrived home. They would eat together and have conversations about anything on their minds. Those times have gradually dissolved when the workforce required wives to take on occupations. As of now, everyone is recommended to secure a job, thus are too busy to cook all the time for their families. The last thing a working mother wants to do when she comes home from an exhausting day of work is to prepare a troublesome meal for the family that is scarfed in seconds. So how do they find a way to overcome their problems? They decide to drive to a bulding that serves a warm, tasty meal to bring back to their families just to satisfy their hunger to move on with their lives. A different scenario is where students are always rushed with jam-packed schedules filled with academics, sports, and extra-curricular interests. Many students do not have the spare time to cook meals in between their busy lives. On top of that, students’ energy levels tend to be depleted at the end of the day. Cooking takes too much time and energy, or even thinking of what to make. This leads to the next convenient option: drive-thru restaurants. Nowadays, the essentialism of fast food has taken over in numerous American lives. Those with active agendas may view such fast food as â€Å"something as having universal validity rather than as being a social, ideological, or intellectual construct† (Rossiter 11/13) for practical reasons. Today’s hurried pace does not allow people the opportunity to eat leisurely with the company of others. Rather, the replacement of traditional food to fast food is the result of an intense schedule of work and school. When fast food first appeared on the planet, there was a huge economic boom after World War II. Since fast food made a successful mark in history, â€Å"fast food was added to the Merriam- Webster dictionary in 1951. † (Sena). As time progressed, there is no doubt that fast food is loved by not only Americans, but everyone globally. Modern society is always on the go, so grabbing a quick bite is always on demand. With that in mind, the rising of prices, due to economic recession, have changed the perception of many fast food owners. So how do they approach this obstacle? It seems as though fast food franchises have focused on â€Å"high volume, low cost and high speed product† (Sena). In this day and age, many people â€Å"work for wages and use wages to pay for food† (Rossiter 9/4). Due to recession, there are many working class citizens who do spend their money on fast food because that is all they could afford. It is unfortunate because people are being diagnosed with many health problems since they lack the money to buy healthier products. Speaking of which, I think it is quite ironic that a cheeseburger costs just as much as broccoli. Is it not ridiculous that healthy foods cost a lot more than value meals at restaurants? I never grasped that idea and I think that healthy foods should be cheaper than unhealthy junk food. If major fast food corporations drop the prices of healthier foods such as chicken wraps and grilled chicken salads with less fattening dressing and increase prices for the burgers and fries, health problems would be less of a concern. People would be able to eat a standard meal for an affordable price. Furthermore, if people ate healthier food, they would have more energy to be more productive in their jobs. Maybe if fast food restaurants changed their items to healthier alternatives, such issues could be less of a concern. It is hard for me to say if the book effectively conveyed the messages that Eric Schlosser wanted to share because there could have been more evidence throughout the rest of the book. Fast Food Nation was great to read about the history of how the founders lived and how fast food shaped America. Since I grew up in Los Angeles, near Anaheim, it shocked me how that Carl Karcher described the city that had â€Å"palm trees and orange groves, and smelled the citrus in the air† (Schlosser 13). If I had to describe Anaheim, I would think about the convention center, the Angel’s Stadium and of course, Disneyland; yes, this theme park is the â€Å"happiest place on Earth†, but not really like â€Å"heaven† (Schlosser 13). I found it quite interesting how fast food became a huge success after the invention of cars came up. It never crossed my mind that the creation of drive-in restaurants became such a great hit and helped the economy out incredibly. I also found this book interesting because of automobiles, this led to â€Å"the world’s first motel and the first drive-in bank. † (Schlosser 17). Due to that, food stands introduced â€Å"curb service† which seemed like drive-ins became acceptable year-long. I had no idea that the McDonald brothers were the ones to start the Speedee Service System, thus starting the fast food nation. Nor did I know that they â€Å"employed only young men† (Schlosser 20) and that attracted families rather than hiring women which attracted teenage boys. What interested me the most was that young employed men attracted families rather than teenage girls. If employed women attracted boys, it would only make sense that employed men attracted females. However, within the required pages of the book, I would say that the Schlosser could have done a better job to convey his messages. In the introduction, he stated his thoughts about how fast food affected America and how he would approach his thoughts. However, the first chapter went off topic and gave the audience a better understanding of the founding fathers of the biggest fast food joints in the world. I think that he should have referred to the impacts that fast food had on people. There was not much information about how fat food influenced the traditions of food or what happens behind the cash register. He did say a little bit about the economic trends and how the Speedee Service System allowed more families from the working- class background could afford their products. I was hoping Schlosser would talk more about traditions and experiences about food and how it evolved today. I believe that he could have stated more evidence on how fast food impacted the lives of America in the present and cut out a lot of history. Sure, the information from the past helped me understand what was going on, but rather talking about the lives of the founders, more information about what was really inside the food behind the counters could have helped Schlosser’s message. When I heard about this book, I assumed he would talk about how each item on the fast food menus were really created. I was looking forward to read about new ingredients that were injected and what livestock was raised and used to make the burgers. Also, Schlosser could have mentioned his opinions on solutions to these problems. By stating a few possible answers, he could have touched some reader’s hearts enough to make changes in their lives. It could have even helped society think twice about stuffing a Big Mac or Double-Double in their mouths. On top of that, I anticipated something similar to the documentary â€Å"Super Size Me† in the sense that Schlosser would have conducted an experiment to shock his readers. Something like Morgan Spurlock’s social experiment would have opened my eyes even more about fast food and â€Å"the issue of rising of†¦corporate social responsibility. † (Riley). By throwing in some appalling facts, it would have been more effective to the readers. Perhaps Schlosser could have one person eat any kind of fast food for a month and see if any drastic changes occurred. At the end of the day, I think it is up to the consumers to choose if they want to eat French fries or not. They are the ones to decide if they should consume a Wendy’s triple stacker burger and know the consequences. America has more options than fast food, there are easy recipes to cook, make food in advance if a schedule is too busy, or buy in bulk to save money. Eric Schlosser may have enlightened his audience throughout the rest of the book, but he can only do so much to influence his readers. Works Cited Riley, Jim. CSR at the Movies Supersize Me in 7 Minutes. Tutor2u. Tutor2u Limited, 20 Feb. 2011. http://www. tutor2u. net/blog/index. php/business-studies/comments/csr-at-the-movies-supersize-me-in-7-minutes Rossiter, Jaime. Food Nationalism/Ethnicity. Essentialism. San Diego State University, San Diego. 1 Dec. 2013. Lecture. Rossiter, Jaime. Global Food Regime. Geography of Food. San Diego State University, San Diego. 25 Nov. 2013. Lecture. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. Sena, Matt. Fast Food Industry Analysis 2013 – Cost Trends. Fast Food Industry Analysis 2013. FranchiseHelp Holdings LLC, n. d. Web. 28 Nov. 2013. http://www. franchisehelp. com/industry- reports/fast-food-industry-report.

How Various Mechanisms By Which Substances Cross The Cell Me :: essays research papers

Homeostasis is essential to the cell’s survival. The cell membrane is responsible for homeostasis. The membrane has a selective permeability which means what moves in and out of the cell is regulated. Amino acids, sugars, oxygen, sodium, and potassium are examples of substances that enter the cell. Waste products and carbon dioxide are removed from the cell. All of these substances cross the membrane in a variety of ways. From diffusion and osmosis, to active transport the traffic through the cell membrane is regulated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diffusion is the movement of molecules form one area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Concentration gradient causes the molecules to move from higher concentration to a lower concentration. The side of the membrane that has the higher concentration is said to have the concentration gradient. It drives diffusion because substances always move down their concentration gradient. The pressure gradient also plays a role in diffusion. Where this is a pressure gradient there is motion of molecules. The pressure gradient is a difference in pressure between two different points. If the concentration of one side of the membrane is greater than the molecules will travel from the higher to lower concentration. Eventually there will be a dynamic equilibrium and there will be no net movement of molecules from one side to the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Like diffusion, the water moves from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. Solutions have three different stages that the solutes can be classified in: isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is when the solutions have equal amounts of solutes. Like equilibrium, there is no net change in the amount of water in either solution. When the solutions have different concentration of solutes then the one with less solute is hypotonic and the one with more solute is hypertonic. Hypotonic takes in the solute from the hypertonic side that gives away the solute. There will be a net movement in these types of solution. The molecules will move from the hypotonic solution into the hypertonic solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third way a substance can cross the cell membrane is through facilitated diffusion. This occurs when special carrier proteins carry solutes dissolved in the water across the membrane by using active transport. When the concentration gradient can not allow travel from one side of the membrane to the other fast enough for the cell’s nutritional needs, then facilitated diffusion is used. The transport protein is specialized for the solute it is carrying, just as enzymes are specialized for their substrate. The transport protein can be How Various Mechanisms By Which Substances Cross The Cell Me :: essays research papers Homeostasis is essential to the cell’s survival. The cell membrane is responsible for homeostasis. The membrane has a selective permeability which means what moves in and out of the cell is regulated. Amino acids, sugars, oxygen, sodium, and potassium are examples of substances that enter the cell. Waste products and carbon dioxide are removed from the cell. All of these substances cross the membrane in a variety of ways. From diffusion and osmosis, to active transport the traffic through the cell membrane is regulated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diffusion is the movement of molecules form one area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Concentration gradient causes the molecules to move from higher concentration to a lower concentration. The side of the membrane that has the higher concentration is said to have the concentration gradient. It drives diffusion because substances always move down their concentration gradient. The pressure gradient also plays a role in diffusion. Where this is a pressure gradient there is motion of molecules. The pressure gradient is a difference in pressure between two different points. If the concentration of one side of the membrane is greater than the molecules will travel from the higher to lower concentration. Eventually there will be a dynamic equilibrium and there will be no net movement of molecules from one side to the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Like diffusion, the water moves from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. Solutions have three different stages that the solutes can be classified in: isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is when the solutions have equal amounts of solutes. Like equilibrium, there is no net change in the amount of water in either solution. When the solutions have different concentration of solutes then the one with less solute is hypotonic and the one with more solute is hypertonic. Hypotonic takes in the solute from the hypertonic side that gives away the solute. There will be a net movement in these types of solution. The molecules will move from the hypotonic solution into the hypertonic solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third way a substance can cross the cell membrane is through facilitated diffusion. This occurs when special carrier proteins carry solutes dissolved in the water across the membrane by using active transport. When the concentration gradient can not allow travel from one side of the membrane to the other fast enough for the cell’s nutritional needs, then facilitated diffusion is used. The transport protein is specialized for the solute it is carrying, just as enzymes are specialized for their substrate. The transport protein can be

Balanced Scorecard and Financial Perspective

African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(32), pp. 12520-12530, 14 December, 2011 Available online at http://www. academicjournals. org/AJBM DOI: 10. 5897/AJBM11. 928 ISSN 1993-8233  ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper An investigation into the interrelation between balanced score card factors: A case study in the automotive industry Jalalpoor Mahdieh1 and Tolouei Pedram2* 1 Department of Management, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.Department of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2 Accepted 14 June, 2011 Since 1990s, when Kaplan and Norton introduced balanced scorecard (BSC) model, this model has been considerably popular amongst managers all over the world. Although BSC is known as a successful performance measurement tool amongst managers, there have been criticisms of that including: How financial and non-financial measures are linked together? Are relationships in a direct way or there is bi-directional casualty?To overcome the limitations t o current BSC theory, this paper aims to describe main factors of each balanced scorecard BSC perspectives and investigate interrelation between them with consideration to automotive parts sector in Iran. For this aim, we analyze the relationship between various perspectives in structure of balanced scorecard and measure causal relationships between various perspectives and their role in improving financial perspective. This research was conducted through a set of monthly reports of Balances scorecard factors in Tosnco – company of auto industry – during a three-year period.Case study evidence verified the underlying theoretical hypothesis of BSC. It is verified that perspectives are positively correlated with each other and new interrelation between internal process perspectives factor and financial perspective evidence was also found. The innovative dimension of this research is that we actually applied BSC in Iran and investigated factors related to auto industry an d interrelation between factors with each other. Key words: Performance, process, customer, finance, factors. INTRODUCTION Performance measurement is considered a part of a performance management system. This process includes series of activities to eminently and spiritually achieve organizational excellence in the competitive field and focus the efficiency and effectiveness of these activities. Martinson (1999) offer several descriptions of organizational performance, and present a variety of models and methods to performance measurement at the same time. Traditional performance measurement methods *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email  protected] ut. ac. it Abbreviations: BSC, Balanced scorecard; statistical package for the social sciences. SPSS, that were based on financial measures- not only reflected the complete success or failure of companies that did not ave the necessary abilities, but also failed to establish a logical relation between the company’s success factor s and was unable to support management programs (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Environmental management issues have received an increased amount of attention in recent years, as have various performance measurement systems (PMS) such as the balanced scorecard (BSC). At this time, BSC was presented as the most practical and comprehensive performance measurement model. In recent years, BSC has been a comprehensive model when looking at management issues for financial and non-financial purposes and has been very popular as it as attracted a lot of attention (Norreklit, 2000). This model offers a variety of performance factors in four Mahdieh and Pedram perspectives: The Financial perspective; the customer perspective; the internal business process perspective and the organizational learning and growth perspective. The BSC is a multi-criteria evaluation concept that highlights the importance of performance measurement (Tseng, 2010). Based on BSC, the cause and effect relationship between th e four perspectives have been created (WongOn-Wing et al. , 2007; Paul, 1998). In fact, the logic of cause and effect as the essence of he BSC approach-which distinguishes it from other approaches- is described (Atkinson et al. , 1997). It is stated that the learning and growth performance, internal process performance, costumer performance, and financial performance counteract each other eventually (DE Haas and Kleingeld, 1999). Jones and Sasser (1995) recognized a cause and effect relationship between loyalty and customer satisfaction and financial results, where customer satisfaction leads to loyalty and it is customer satisfaction that can bring positive financial results. Due to the chain relationship between perspectives, hanges in one perspective would cause changes and reactions in other perspectives. Consequently, managers can achieve improved financial results through the chain relationship between perspectives (Cohen et al. , 2008). Relationships in BSC model are indicate d within the framework of the fact that in order to make financial results, we must provide value for costumers, and this would happen only, when an organization improved internal processes and match them with costumers’ demands. Accordingly, in order to improved internal processes, and initialize processes that provide value for costumers, the rganization must reinforce growth and learning in the organization (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). Hogue and James, in study of Australian construction companies in 2000, realized that the companies employing non-financial factors have made considerable financial results. Other researchers have realized that using BSC is indirectly related to improved performance and profitability (Malina and Selto, 2001). There are very few researches related to causal relationship between various factors; especially between financial perspective and other perspectives in BSC model. Amongst such researches we can point to a research, in Greece, that onside rs the relationship between parameters of BSC model in 90 companies. Results of this research indicate that improving non-financial perspectives results in better financial perspectives, and non-financial perspectives are interrelated (Cohen and Thiraios, 2008). Although BSC is known as a successful performance measurement tool amongst managers, there have been criticisms of that including: How are financial and nonfinancial measures are linked together? Are relationships in a direct way or there is bi-directional casualty? In this study, we present an approach to overcome the limitations to current BSC theory.The scope of our study is two-fold; the first goal is to investigate and identified main factors of each balanced score card perspectives with 12521 consider to automotive parts sector. We categorize the factors and determine their priority in regard to environment of automotive parts industry. While the second goal of the study is focused on cause and effects logics and linki ng financial and non-financial perspectives together. In this part, we will assess the influence of factors of each perspective on other perspectives and analyze the cause and effect relationship between them. In order to present a better image of reciprocal impacts f various factors, we have taken into consideration four perspectives of the automotive company with an exception of BSC, and then we will analyze the interrelationship between four perspectives. Considering the fact that in the present environment of Iran, management and control affairs are considerably important, and accurate scientific evaluations are amongst managers’ major concerns, BSC is considered to be one of the most comprehensive and functional tools of performance evaluation. This research measures the effects of different perspectives of balanced score card in an automotive parts manufacturing unit in Iran. LITERATURE REVIEWHere, we first explain how to use balanced scorecard, and then in the next par t, we investigate and identify factors related to each perspective. Part A – BSC Since 1990s, when Kaplan and Norton introduced BSC model, this model has been considerably popular amongst managers all over the world. Hundreds of organizations have already employed this model, or intend to employ it in near future (Rautiainen, 2008; Kald and Nilsson, 2000). Healthcare organization in Sweden has appreciated BSC model quite well, and has employed it as a solution to organizational problems, as well as a means of realizing organizational goals (Aidemark, 001). Germany, England and Italy have also successfully developed BSC model (Gehrke and Horvath, 2002). Numerous countries in Northern Europe have employed this model (Kald and Nilsson, 2000), and studies indicate that the model has been specifically favored in most of those countries; although in some countries, including France, where there is another model called â€Å"dashboard† rooted in their culture, BSC model is no t so popular (Bourguignon et al. , 2004). Kaplan and Norton stress on importance of three principals in the concept of BSC: 1. Maintaining causal relationship 2. Including adequate performance incentives and timulators 3. Maintaining the relationship with financial measurement factors (Speckbacher et al, 2003). 12522 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Figure 1. All perspectives of BSC. On this basis, researches refer to this model as a means of working out strategies based on causal relationship (Speckbacher et al. , 2003). Causal logic is considered to be the essence of BSC model. Other researchers name causal logic as the core of BSC model (Atkinson, 1997; Norreklit, 2000). There are also theories stressing that Kaplan and Norton (1996) have not adequately explained the causal relationships, and researchers claim that the entioned relationships are not causal, and are merely logic (Pedram, 2003). Another research, in Finland, is indicative of dissatisfactions caused by lack of causal relationsh ip between components of the model (Malmi, 2001). Although definition of causal relationships is the basis of accomplishment for balanced scorecard model, apparently many organizations do not take this into consideration (Aidmark, 2001; Ittner et al. , 2003). Part B – Factors related to each perspective in BSC In this paper, in order to measure and evaluate relationships between various perspectives, we searched or factors related to each perspective. The four perspectives of BSC are learning and growth, internal processes, costumer, and financial. Here we briefly explain characteristics of each perspective. Learning and growth perspective: stress on innovation, creativity, competition, capabilities, and target subjective properties. This perspective aims to identify professions (human assets), system (informational asset), and organizational state (organizational asset) in order to support internal processes. Internal process perspective: identify decisive processes in the o rganization. In this perspective, we ust make sure that company’s products and services meet the needs of customers. Costumer perspective: results in introduction of a valuable approach that guarantees loyalty of costumers. In this perspective we must keep constantly identifying parameters, which costumers consider as valuable, and provide them for costumers. Financial perspective: defines tangible outcomes of organization’s strategies and includes a series of traditional financial factors. This perspective covers longterm goals of the organization, and company’s major goals are usually put into this perspective. Financial erspective is usually considered to be a secondary aspect and a function of other perspectives. It is indeed the outcome of activities of other three non-financial perspectives. All perspectives, their causal relationships, and their relationships with strategies are shown in Figure 1. METHODOLOGY Kaplan and Norton stress that BSC is a model, and must be optimized in accordance with specific elements related to an organization or industry. This model cannot be used as a general model for various organizations and industries, or even for all aspects of an industry. Therefore, it must be designed and xecuted individually for each condition and each organization. Every organization must adjust BSC to its own mission, outlook, strategy, technology, organizational culture, and environment, in order to use it properly (Kaplan and Norton, 1993). For the same reason, we searched in related literature and Mahdieh and Pedram. studies and worked out factors related to each perspective within the realm of automotive parts. The factors are as follows: 1. There are some general factors in accordance with the requirements of international standard. Standard related to this industry is ISO/TS16949: 2009 and ISO9000 2.There are also factors related to costumer, which all companies must report to costumers periodically. 3. Factors related to other stake holder such as communities, share holders and employees 4. Factors included in scientific articles and researches with related subjects We took all required factors from the mentioned sources and put them in Table 1. Source of each factor is shown in the table too. After taking the viewpoints of experts and conditions of the Company into consideration, we selected main factors from Table 1. Factors shown in Table 2 are measured and analyzed as major factors throughout this article.Also in Table 3, the number of factors which are used in the paper is shown. Hypotheses formulation According to Kaplan and Norton model there is a continuous relationship between perspectives of BSC. According to this model, Kaplan and Norton claimed that outcomes of optimizing performance of learning and growth perspective are evident in better performance of internal business processes. This would accordingly have a positive effect on costumer perspective, and finally improves financial performance. These relationships are shown in Figure 2. The following research has aimed to evaluate this claim.In this article, we analyze the relationship between various perspectives in structure of balanced scorecard. Measuring causal relationships between various perspectives and their role in improving financial perspective is the final goal of this research. Three hypotheses were formed in this regard: H1. 1: There is a positive relationship between learning-growth perspective and internal process perspective. H1. 2: There is a positive relationship between internal process and costumer perspective. H1. 3: There is a positive relationship between customer perspective and financial perspective.In the next part, we investigated the relationship between each main perspective of BSC and detailed factors of the other perspectives. The second part of article will assess these hypotheses: H2. 1: There is a positive relationship between all factors of learning and growth perspective and internal process perspective in total. H2. 2: There is a positive relationship between all factors of internal process perspective and costumer perspective in total. H2. 3: There is a positive relationship between all factors of customer perspective and financial perspective in total. 12523 se performance factors which had been frequently used in literature of BSC. For financial perspective we used one financial criterion. In the following tables abbreviations and values related to each factor are brought from TOSN data during the period of 2006-2009. Number of factors in each perspective is shown in Table 4. We worked out level of realization of factors on the basis of company reports, covering the period of March 21st 2006 to March 20th 2010, and in a monthly order. In order to synchronize and facilitate calculations, we worked out reports related to the factors on a monthly basis and in forms of percentages.For each factor, we worked out 48 data from the existing information, we then calculated geometrical average of factors and determined the level of interrelation between each factor and geometrical average of the related perspective. We also worked out value of each factor for the period of March 21st 2006 to March 20th 2010. Measuring the relationship between perspectives This trend showed that the BSC, when executed have growth factor. By using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) in this article, Level of interrelation between each factor and other factors of the same perspective was taken into consideration.By using SPSS, we determine importance rate of sub-scales (factors). The importance rate of each factor is shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7. Also the correlation between four main perspectives is shown in Table 8. The relationship between these four perspectives is shown in Figure 3. In Addition to relationships which are stated in Kaplan and Norton BSC card, it is obvious that there are some strong between perspectives. These relation ships demonstrate that not only these for perspectives are in contact with each other in simple direction as it is shown in Figure 2; they depend on each other indirectly. It eans that not only our hypotheses in the first part are based on facts; some other relationships should be taken into account. Next, we determined whether all the sub factors of each perspective influence on upper perspective. For this aim, we consider each factors of one perspective (for example learning) and calculated the correlation between all factors of that (L1-L8) with the next perspective (In this example, the process perspective). Based on BSC model, all of the factors of each perspective (Learning) must influence directly on the next perspective (process). We will investigate whether this claim is true or not.These relations are shown in Figure 4. Research method Conclusion Statistics used in this article are related to automotive parts manufacturing companies in Iran. The data are collected in Naien Development and Progress Company (TOSN Co. ). TOSN was established in January 1997. The main activity of this company is manufacturing main parts of automotive engine. The company is the sole manufacturer of some specific parts in Iran. The company outlook is defined as pioneering in manufacturing main parts of automotive engine in the Middle East. In this research we tried to In this article, we investigated factors related to each erspective. In order to measure and evaluate relationships between various perspectives, we searched for factors related to each perspective and ranked them for each perspective (Tables 5, 6 and 7). In the next part, we evaluated level of interrelation between non-financial perspectives and financial perspectives through 12524 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Table 1. General factors related to evaluating BSC perspectives. Perspective Factor Abbreviations Financial Return on assets return on equity inventory turnover sales margin assets turnover, debtors turnover R OE ROA IT SM AT DT Percentage of lost clientsPercentage of customers’ complaints Market share on time delivery to customer rate of orders variety of products (according to the market), Perceived level of quality Perceived level of trust to the products After-sales service Rate of new costumers Perceived level of service Brand awareness Brand image Perceived value of money Perceived level of service PLC PCC MSh OTD RO VoP PLoQ PLoT AfSS NC PLoS BA BI PVoM PLoS Effectiveness of the quality management system Degree of evaluation suppliers performance number of raw material suppliers Reduction defect (casting ,machining) Reduction scraps m ean time to repair ean time between faults repair costs Quality cost Per capita logistic per capita raw materials transportation costs per capita product transportation costs EQMS DoESP NRMS RD RS MTTR MTBF RC QC PL PRMTC PPTC Costumer Internal processes 1 source 2 4 * * * * * * * * 3 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Mahdieh and Pedram. 12525 Table 1. Contd. production person-hours average daily production percentage of product realization Useful product line internal duplication error overall equipment efficiencyEffective dispatching of orders (in terms of price, specifications and delivery time) degree of cooperation with suppliers degree of cooperation with distribution channels Speed of adopting innovations already introduced in the market Speed of adopting innovations not yet introduced in the market rate of support the groundwork for establishment of a process-based organization Learning and Growth PPH ADP Ppr Upl Ide OEE EDO DoCS DoCDC SoAIaI SoAInI sgepo Per capita presented suggestion, per capita accepted suggestions per capita executed suggestions rate of training hours rate of training section efficiencyFrequency rate of accident Severity rate of accident rate of access to IT per capita non-cash bonus rate o f investment in new technology rate of innovative products and services exchange of information with co-operative companies Promotion of common business plans with co-operating companies Cooperative companies monitoring Collaboration and information exchange in the organization Pps Pas Pes Rth Rtse FRA SRA Rai PNCB InvTech IPS FExCO FPCBT CCM FCoEx * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Source 1-factors from international standardSource 2-factors from customer viewpoint Source 3-factors focusing on stakeholder viewpoint Source 4-factors from literature review questioning main hypotheses in balanced scorecard logic. Indeed, we tried to find a real evidence for this claim. The questioned data in TOSN, manufacturer of automotive parts using balanced scorecard for 3 years, confirms this claim in some aspects. Results of presented hypotheses were as follows: Interrelations between growth perspective and intern al processes perspective was almost 0. 96. Also, interrelation between processes perspective and costumer perspective was 0. 824. Interrelation etween costumer perspective and financial perspective was 0. 781(results are shown in Table 8). Therefore, in this company there is a deep and 12526 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Table 2. Selected factors related to evaluating BSC perspectives in this article. Factor Financial perspective Sales margin Abbreviation Label Sm F Customer perspective Market share Perceived level of quality Perceived level of trust to the products After-sales service Perceived level of service Brand awareness Brand image Perceived value of money MSh PLoQ PLoT AfSS PLoS BA BI PVoM c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c8 c8 Internal business and production process perspectiveEffective dispatching of orders (in terms of price, specifications and delivery time) degree of cooperation with suppliers degree of cooperation with distribution channels Speed of adopting innovations already introduced i n the market Speed of adopting innovations not yet introduced in the market Rate of support the groundwork for establishment of a process-based organization EDO DoCS DoCDC SoAIaI SoAInI Sgepo p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 Learning and growth perspective Rate of investment in new technology Rate of innovative products and services Exchange of information with co-operative companiesPromotion of common business plans with co-operating companies Collaboration and information exchange in the organization Rate of training hours Rate of training section efficiency Cooperative companies monitoring InvTech IPS FExCO FPCBT FCoEx Rth Rtse CCM l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 l8 Table 3. Number of factors in each perspective. Number of factor 1 8 6 8 23 Perspective Financial perspective Customer perspective Internal business and production process perspective Learning and growth perspective Total and positive relationship between non-financial factors of the model. According to BSC model, Kaplan and Norton claimed hat outcomes of optimizing performance of learning and growth perspective are evident in better performance of internal business processes. This would accordingly have a positive effect on costumer perspective, and finally improves financial performance. Kaplan and Norton did not investigate the different relationship between all perspectives. In this article, we assessed all the relationships between perspectives to determine the cause and effect relationship between all perspectives. Our research resulted in amazing conclusion. We found the relationship between business processes and financial perspective strong.Interrelation between financial perspective and internal Mahdieh and Pedram. 12527 Figure 2. Effect of factors of BSC on each other. Table 4. The importance rate of each factor in the learning perspective. L1 1 0. 854(**) 0. 933(**) 0. 938(**) 0. 947(**) 0. 969(**) 0. 968(**) 0. 959(**) 0. 975(**) L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L L2 0. 854(**) 1 0. 959(**) 0. 948(**) 0. 868(**) 0. 8 91(**) 0. 922(**) 0. 903(**) 0. 938(**) L3 0. 933(**) 0. 959(**) 1 0. 968(**) 0. 934(**) 0. 937(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 978(**) L4 0. 938(**) 0. 948(**) 0. 968(**) 1 0. 928(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 976(**) 0. 955(**) 0. 984(**) L5 0. 947(**) 0. 868(**) 0. 34(**) 0. 928(**) 1 0. 911(**) 0. 934(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 961(**) L6 0. 969(**) 0. 891(**) 0. 937(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 911(**) 1 0. 987(**) 0. 958(**) 0. 978(**) L7 0. 968(**) 0. 922(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 976(**) 0. 934(**) 0. 987(**) 1 0. 963(**) 0. 990(**) L8 0. 959(**) 0. 903(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 955(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 958(**) 0. 963(**) 1 0. 982(**) L 0. 975(**) 0. 938(**) 0. 978(**) 0. 984(**) 0. 961(**) 0. 978(**) 0. 990(**) 0. 982(**) 1 Table 5. The importance rate of each factor in the process perspective. P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P P1 1 0. 852(**) 0. 918(**) 0. 765(**) 0. 916(**) 0. 865(**) 0. 962(**) P2 0. 852(**) 1 0. 663(**) 0. 951(**) . 925(**) 0. 853(**) 0. 920(**) P3 0. 918(**) 0. 663(**) 1 0. 580(**) 0. 736(**) 0. 683(**) 0. 827(**) P4 0 . 765(**) 0. 951(**) 0. 580(**) 1 0. 824(**) 0. 738(**) 0. 827(**) P5 0. 916(**) 0. 925(**) 0. 736(**) 0. 824(**) 1 0. 939(**) 0. 968(**) P6 0. 865(**) 0. 853(**) 0. 683(**) 0. 738(**) 0. 939(**) 1 0. 958(**) P 0. 962(**) 0. 920(**) 0. 827(**) 0. 827(**) 0. 968(**) 0. 958(**) 1 Table 6. The importance rate of each factor in the customer perspective. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C C1 1 0. 979(**) 0. 959(**) 0. 872(**) 0. 953(**) 0. 945(**) 0. 806(**) 0. 820(**) 0. 938(**) C2 0. 979(**) 1 0. 948(**) 0. 891(**) 0. 947(**) 0. 53(**) 0. 855(**) 0. 876(**) 0. 965(**) C3 0. 959(**) 0. 948(**) 1 0. 849(**) 0. 972(**) 0. 960(**) 0. 705(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 898(**) C4 0. 872(**) 0. 891(**) 0. 849(**) 1 0. 873(**) 0. 933(**) 0. 879(**) 0. 878(**) 0. 956(**) C5 0. 953(**) 0. 947(**) 0. 972(**) 0. 873(**) 1 0. 970(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 764(**) 0. 917(**) C6 0. 945(**) 0. 953(**) 0. 960(**) 0. 933(**) 0. 970(**) 1 0. 804(**) 0. 829(**) 0. 961(**) C7 0. 806(**) 0. 855(**) 0. 705(**) 0. 879(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 8 04(**) 1 0. 985(**) 0. 935(**) C8 0. 820(**) 0. 876(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 878(**) 0. 764(**) 0. 829(**) 0. 985(**) 1 0. 946(**) C 0. 938(**) 0. 965(**) 0. 898(**) . 956(**) 0. 917(**) 0. 961(**) 0. 935(**) 0. 946(**) 1 ** Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). processes of production and business was positive and equal to 0. 946. Based on this finding, we tried to determine the reason for this relationship. For this aim, we considered all the factors of each perspective and we evaluated these detailed relationship. Interrelation between factors of process perspective and financial 12528 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Table 7. The relationship between main perspectives. L P C F L 1 0. 967(**) 0. 888(**) 0. 950(**) P 0. 967(**) 1 0. 824(**) 0. 946(**) C 0. 888(**) 0. 824(**) 0. 771(**) F 0. 950(**) 0. 946(**) 0. 771(**) 1 ** Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 8. The relationship between each factor of one perspective with the next perspective. Relatio nship between factors of learning perspective and three other perspectives Learning factor Process Customer Financial ** ** ** L1 0. 971 0. 793 0. 968 ** ** L2 0. 854 0. 967 0. 827** ** ** L3 0. 921 0. 916 0. 911** ** ** L4 0. 951 0. 917 0. 914** ** ** L5 0. 910 0. 793 0. 929** ** ** L6 0. 984 0. 852 0. 944** ** ** L7 0. 977 0. 884 0. 945** L8 0. 947** 0. 843** 0. 932** Relation Strongly accepted Moderately acceptedStrongly accepted Strongly accepted Moderately accepted Strongly accepted Strongly accepted Strongly accepted Relationship between factors of process perspective and three other perspectives Process factor Learning Customer Financial Relation P1 0. 880** 0. 740** 0. 889** Direct relationship P2 0. 940** 0. 964** 0. 849** Strongly accepted P3 0. 687** 0. 547** 0. 729** Direct relationship P4 0. 869** 0. 968** 0. 765** Strongly accepted ** ** P5 0. 934 0. 817 0. 888** Direct relationship P6 0. 960** 0. 752** 0. 936** Direct relationship Relationship between factors of custo mer perspective and three other perspectives Customer FactorLearning Process Financial Relation C1 0. 753** 0. 711** 0. 822** Strongly accepted C2 0. 821** 0. 775** 0. 696** Not accepted C3 0. 656** 0. 579** 0. 803** Strongly accepted ** ** C4 0. 506 0. 525 0. 677** Strongly accepted C5 0. 628** 0. 664** 0. 531** Not accepted C6 0. 748** 0. 663** 0. 600** Not accepted ** ** C7 0. 957 0. 936 0. 961** Strongly accepted C8 0. 921** 0. 923** 0. 937** Strongly accepted perspective as a whole was the greatest level of interrelation between financial and non-financial factors. As it was earlier demonstrated, there is a strong direct relationship between business process perspective and inancial perspective. This relationship has not been declared as a direct relation in Kaplan and Norton Model; whilst its more analysis will be useful regarding its high occurrence rate, factors p1, p3, p5, p6 are the main reason for such strong correlation between business processes perspective and financia l perspective. It shows that although, according the model, the relations are series like and bottom-up, there are other relations amongst perspectives as well which must be considered. More detailed analysis of such relations may be posed as the following: P1 high correlation with the financial perspective:Effective dispatching of orders (in terms of price, specifications and delivery time) with financial perspective; given the status quo of the company, relation of this factor with financial perspective is so that more Mahdieh and Pedram 12529 Figure 3. The relationship between four perspectives in BSC. Figure 4. The relationship between main perspectives factors. attention to this factor will lead to faster payment by the customer and hence improvement of financial status of the company. market with financial perspective; this factor relates to R and D field. And regarding its high importance for the ustomer, it will result in faster payment and also will create direct relationsh ip with financial perspective. P3 high correlation with the financial perspective: Degree of cooperation with distribution channels, with financial perspective; this factor affects on p1 factor and improves the performance in terms of financial perspective. P5 high correlation with the financial perspective: Speed of adopting innovations not yet introduced in the P6 high correlation with the financial perspective: Rate of supporting the groundwork for establishment of a process-based organization with financial; because of its elation with â€Å"activity based cost† (ABC) method, it has found relationship with processes and processes separation topics. Considering such direct relations between these two perspectives and their definitions, it can be concluded 12530 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. that although the offered relations in this model are verified in this case, all relations have not been considered in BSC model. Thus, consideration of all of these relations is essential to ac hieve the strategic goals of the company. Research limitations and suggestion for further Factors introduced in each perspective were general. 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